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Granulado de Espuma Cerámica a partir de Clínker Triturado

Alexander Karamanov¹, Ilian Djobov¹, Feyzim Hodjaoglu¹

¹Institute of Physical Chemistry, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, "Acad. Georgi Bonchev" str. bld.11, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria.

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Resumen

El reciclaje de residuos de clínker cerámico en granulado de espuma de alta calidad es factible. Este proceso produce agregados impermeables y ligeros adecuados para aplicaciones ignífugas.

Palabras clave:

espuma cerámica clínker mecanismo de espumación reutilización

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Área de la Ciencia:

Ciencia de los Materiales
Ingeniería Cerámica
Valorización de Residuos

Sus antecedentes:

Los residuos de clínker cerámico presentan desafíos de eliminación.
Es crucial desarrollar usos sostenibles para los subproductos industriales.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la transformación de escombros de clínker cerámico en granulado de espuma de alta calidad.
Caracterizar el mecanismo de espumación y las propiedades de los gránulos resultantes.

Principales métodos:

Se estudió el proceso de espumación a temperaturas elevadas (150-200 °C superiores a la producción).
Técnicas utilizadas: Microscopía en Caliente (HSM), Análisis Térmico Diferencial-Análisis Termogravimétrico acoplado a Espectrometría de Masas (DTA-TG-MS), Difracción de Rayos X (XRD) y Microscopía Electrónica de Barrido (SEM).

Principales resultados:

Mecanismo de espumación ligado a la liberación de oxígeno por la reducción de Fe3+ a Fe2+ tras la fusión de la hematita y la disolución de la pseudobrookita.
Los gránulos producidos a 1280 °C durante 30 min son impermeables al agua.
Propiedades alcanzadas: densidad (0,4-0,7 g/cm³), porosidad (70-85 % vol.) y resistencia a la compresión (0,7-1,1 MPa).

Conclusiones:

La transformación de residuos de clínker cerámico en granulado de espuma es un proceso viable.
El granulado de espuma resultante cumple los criterios para agregados ligeros ignífugos de alta calidad.