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Lesión Renal Aguda en Niños con Poliuria: Una Revisión Sistemática
Giulio Rivetti1, Mariantonia Braile1, Anna Di Sessa1
1Department of Woman, Child and of General and Specialized Surgery, Università Degli Studi Della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Luigi De Crecchio 2, 80138 Naples, Italy.
Journal of clinical medicine
|January 10, 2026
Resumen
La lesión renal aguda (LRA) puede presentarse con poliuria en niños, particularmente en casos de cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) y otras afecciones. Esta revisión sintetiza los hallazgos sobre las presentaciones de LRA y poliuria pediátricas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Nefrología Pediátrica
- Medicina de Cuidados Críticos
- Endocrinología
Sus antecedentes:
- La lesión renal aguda (LRA) y la poliuria en niños presentan desafíos diagnósticos y de manejo.
- Comprender la interacción entre la LRA y la poliuria es crucial para la atención del paciente pediátrico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar y sintetizar sistemáticamente las presentaciones de LRA en niños con poliuria.
- Identificar las afecciones subyacentes asociadas con LRA y poliuria concurrentes en poblaciones pediátricas.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de literatura en las bases de datos Embase, PubMed y Scopus.
- Inclusión de estudios e informes de casos centrados en LRA y poliuria pediátricas.
- Evaluación de la calidad metodológica de las publicaciones seleccionadas.
Principales resultados:
- Se analizaron datos de 32 pacientes pediátricos (edad media 11,02 años).
- La poliuria estuvo presente en 26 pacientes, siendo la cetoacidosis diabética (CAD) la afección asociada más común (19 casos).
- De los 20 pacientes con poliuria y datos disponibles, 9 (45%) desarrollaron LRA, y varios alcanzaron el estadio 3 de KDIGO.
Conclusiones:
- La poliuria puede ser parte integral de la fisiopatología de la LRA en niños.
- Se observó una relación entre la poliuria y la LRA significativa (estadio KDIGO ≥ 2) en trastornos metabólicos como la CAD, afecciones nefrológicas como el síndrome de Bartter y casos oncológicos como el neuroblastoma.
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