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Diferencias sexuales en la asociación entre cronotipo y ansiedad: un estudio poblacional a nivel nacional
Jungyon Yum1, Soomi Cho2, Woo-Seok Ha2
1Department of Neurology, Yongin Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Yongin, Republic of Korea.
Journal of psychiatric research
|January 10, 2026
Resumen
El cronotipo matutino puede reducir el riesgo de ansiedad en hombres, pero no en mujeres. Esto resalta las posibles diferencias sexuales en la relación entre los patrones de sueño y la ansiedad, lo que sugiere la necesidad de estrategias de prevención personalizadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia del Sueño
- Psiquiatría
- Cronobiología
Sus antecedentes:
- Investigar las diferencias sexuales en la asociación entre ansiedad y cronotipo.
- Comprender la relación entre los ciclos de sueño-vigilia y la salud mental.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar las posibles diferencias sexuales en la asociación entre cronotipo y ansiedad.
- Identificar si el cronotipo influye en el riesgo de ansiedad de manera diferente en hombres y mujeres.
Principales métodos:
- Análisis de datos poblacionales a nivel nacional de 2838 adultos (edades 20-59).
- Cronotipo evaluado mediante el Cuestionario de Mañana-Tarde.
- Niveles de ansiedad medidos por la escala del Trastorno de Ansiedad Generalizada-7, con ajustes por covariables.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia de ansiedad fue mayor en mujeres (12,2%) que en hombres (7,4%), y más alta en el grupo de cronotipo vespertino (15,3%).
- Los hombres con cronotipo matutino tuvieron un riesgo significativamente menor de ansiedad en comparación con el cronotipo intermedio. No se encontró una asociación significativa para los hombres de tipo vespertino.
- El cronotipo no se asoció significativamente con la ansiedad en las mujeres.
Conclusiones:
- Existen diferencias sexuales significativas en la asociación cronotipo-ansiedad.
- Un cronotipo matutino puede conferir un efecto protector contra la ansiedad en hombres, un efecto no observado en mujeres.
- Las intervenciones específicas para cada sexo y dirigidas al cronotipo pueden ser beneficiosas para la prevención y el manejo de la ansiedad.
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