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Compuestos de polisacáridos reforzados con sericina para aplicaciones regenerativas y antibacterianas potenciales
Barbara Kołodziejska1, Andrzej Pyzik1, Ramona Figat2
1Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1 str., 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
International journal of biological macromolecules
|January 10, 2026
Resumen
Se desarrollaron nuevos biomateriales compuestos que combinan sericina, quitosano y alginato para la administración de fármacos. Estos materiales muestran una liberación sostenida de ciprofloxacina y plata, ofreciendo protección antimicrobiana contra bacterias resistentes y potencial para la curación de heridas óseas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Ciencia de biomateriales
- Sistemas de administración de fármacos
- Nanotecnología
Sus antecedentes:
- El desarrollo de apósitos eficaces para heridas es crucial para prevenir infecciones, especialmente ante la creciente resistencia a los antibióticos.
- Los biomateriales compuestos ofrecen plataformas versátiles para la administración localizada de fármacos y la regeneración de tejidos.
- La sericina, la quitosana y el alginato son polímeros biocompatibles con potencial para aplicaciones biomédicas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Crear biomateriales compuestos novedosos reforzados con sericina utilizando matrices de quitosano-alginato.
- Cargar estos compuestos con ciprofloxacina y plata (nanopartículas o AgHA) para mejorar las propiedades antimicrobianas.
- Evaluar la cinética de liberación del fármaco, la actividad antimicrobiana y la citotoxicidad de los materiales desarrollados.
Principales métodos:
- Preparación de matrices de polisacáridos con diferentes proporciones de quitosano a alginato (70:30, 50:50, 30:70).
- Fabricación de biomateriales compuestos mediante un método sólido-líquido y liofilización.
- Caracterización mediante MEB, evaluación de la eficiencia de carga del fármaco, estudios de liberación in vitro y ensayos de citotoxicidad.
Principales resultados:
- La MEB reveló estructuras altamente porosas adecuadas para la encapsulación y liberación de fármacos.
- Se lograron altas eficiencias de carga de ciprofloxacina (95,2%) y plata (nanopartículas del 29,3%, AgHA del 20,4%).
- Liberación bifásica de ciprofloxacina e iones de plata durante 28 días, con una actividad antimicrobiana significativa contra bacterias resistentes (S. aureus, P. aeruginosa).
- Todos los compuestos demostraron no ser tóxicos para los fibroblastos.
Conclusiones:
- Los biomateriales compuestos desarrollados exhiben una doble funcionalidad como apósitos óseos y sistemas de administración local de fármacos.
- La liberación sostenida de antibióticos y la protección antimicrobiana prolongada pueden ayudar a prevenir infecciones asociadas a implantes.
- Estos materiales muestran ser prometedores para aplicaciones ortopédicas, particularmente en el manejo de heridas infectadas.
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