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Hipoxia Aguda Disminuye la Tasa Máxima de Oxidación de Grasas Durante el Ejercicio Incremental en Escalada

Youmna Elsayed Hassanein¹, Dania Ibrahim¹, Juan M Murias¹

¹College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.

European journal of sport science

|January 11, 2026

Resumen

La hipoxia reduce significativamente la oxidación de grasas (FATox) y la tasa máxima de oxidación de grasas (MFO) durante el ejercicio, incluso cuando la intensidad del ejercicio está normalizada. Esto sugiere que la hipoxia impacta directamente la selección de combustible durante la actividad física.

Área de la Ciencia:

Fisiología del Ejercicio
Fisiología Ambiental
Bioquímica Nutricional

Sus antecedentes:

La oxidación de grasas (FATox) durante el ejercicio es crucial para el metabolismo energético.
El impacto de la hipoxia en la FATox y la tasa máxima de oxidación de grasas (MFO) sigue sin estar claro debido a la variedad de protocolos de investigación.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar los efectos de la hipoxia normobárica en la utilización de sustratos durante el ejercicio.
Determinar el impacto de la hipoxia en la tasa máxima de oxidación de grasas (MFO).

Principales métodos:

Diecisiete adultos activos se sometieron a pruebas de ejercicio incremental en normoxia e hipoxia.
La calorimetría indirecta midió las respuestas cardiorrespiratorias y la utilización de sustratos.
El punto de compensación respiratoria (RCP) normalizó la intensidad del ejercicio en relación con la capacidad máxima.

Principales resultados:

La hipoxia disminuyó la FATox en todas las intensidades de ejercicio (p < 0.001).
La tasa máxima de oxidación de grasas (MFO) se redujo en un 22% en hipoxia (p < 0.001).
La MFO ocurrió en un porcentaje similar de VO2max en ambas condiciones, lo que sugiere un efecto directo de la hipoxia en la selección de combustible.

Conclusiones:

La hipoxia normobárica perjudica significativamente la oxidación de grasas durante el ejercicio.
La tasa máxima de oxidación de grasas (MFO) es sustancialmente menor en hipoxia.
La hipoxia parece influir directamente en la utilización de sustratos durante el ejercicio, independientemente de la normalización de la intensidad del ejercicio.

Palabras clave:

altitud ciclismo metabolismo energético umbrales de intercambio de gases utilización de sustratos

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