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Análisis de perfiles de afrontamiento en atletas adolescentes en un centro de entrenamiento intensivo
Fabien Varenne1, Noémie Lienhart2, Julie Doron1
1Nantes Université, Movement - Interactions - Performance, MIP, UR 4334, F-44000 Nantes, France.
Psychology of sport and exercise
|January 11, 2026
Resumen
Los atletas adolescentes en entrenamiento intensivo exhiben cuatro perfiles de afrontamiento influenciados por el apoyo social.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología del Deporte; Desarrollo Adolescente; Mecanismos de Estrés y Afrontamiento
Sus antecedentes:
- El entrenamiento intensivo presenta factores estresantes únicos para los atletas adolescentes, lo que afecta el bienestar y el rendimiento.; El manejo eficaz del estrés y la interacción social son cruciales para el éxito atlético y la salud mental.; La comprensión de las estrategias de afrontamiento es vital para apoyar a los atletas jóvenes en entornos de alta presión.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Identificar perfiles de afrontamiento distintos entre atletas adolescentes en entrenamiento intensivo.; Investigar la relación entre el apoyo social percibido y la membresía del perfil de afrontamiento.; Caracterizar los resultados adaptativos de estos perfiles de afrontamiento en relación con el estrés, el rendimiento y las emociones.
Principales métodos:
- Se empleó un enfoque centrado en la persona con 461 atletas adolescentes (edad media 17).; Se recopilaron datos mediante cuestionarios sobre apoyo social (padres, entrenador), afrontamiento, estrés, rendimiento, bienestar y emociones.; Se utilizó un Análisis Multivariante de la Varianza (MANOVA) para analizar las diferencias entre los perfiles identificados.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron cuatro perfiles de afrontamiento: bajo, comprometido, moderado y de evitación.; La membresía del perfil varió significativamente según el apoyo social percibido.; El perfil de 'afrontamiento de evitación' mostró un bienestar significativamente menor, rendimiento subjetivo y emociones positivas, junto con emociones negativas más altas.
Conclusiones:
- Los perfiles de afrontamiento en atletas adolescentes son diversos y están influenciados por los sistemas de apoyo social.; El perfil de 'afrontamiento de evitación' se asocia con resultados adversos, lo que resalta la necesidad de intervenciones específicas.; Los hallazgos enfatizan el papel fundamental de la red de apoyo de un atleta en el fomento del afrontamiento adaptativo y la excelencia general.
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