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Inmunoterapia modulada por el microbioma en oncología: aplicaciones actuales y perspectivas futuras
Xi Yang1, Yu Liu2, Keyan Miao2
1College of Stomatology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, National Center for Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai Research Institute of Stomatology, Shanghai 200011, China.
Seminars in cancer biology
|January 11, 2026
Resumen
El microbioma intestinal influye en la eficacia y los efectos secundarios de la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer. La focalización de estos microbios es prometedora para mejorar los resultados del tratamiento del cáncer, pero persisten los desafíos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Oncología
- Inmunología
- Microbiología
Sus antecedentes:
- La inmunoterapia contra el cáncer ha revolucionado el tratamiento del cáncer, pero enfrenta desafíos con la variabilidad de la respuesta y la resistencia.
- El microambiente tumoral, incluida su composición microbiana, afecta significativamente la eficacia de la inmunoterapia y los eventos adversos relacionados con la inmunidad (irAEs).
Objetivo del estudio:
- Explorar el papel de la microbiota en la modulación de la inmunidad antitumoral y la influencia en los resultados de la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer.
- Revisar las estrategias actuales y emergentes basadas en el microbioma para mejorar la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer y manejar los irAEs.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de la literatura científica actual sobre la interacción entre el microbioma del huésped y la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer.
- Análisis de los mecanismos por los cuales las comunidades microbianas regulan el microambiente inmunitario tumoral.
- Examen de datos preclínicos y clínicos sobre intervenciones dirigidas al microbioma en oncología.
Principales resultados:
- La microbiota influye en la inmunidad antitumoral a través de diversos mecanismos, incluidos los metabolitos microbianos y los patrones moleculares.
- Las estrategias basadas en el microbioma, como los probióticos y el trasplante de microbiota fecal, muestran potencial en estudios clínicos tempranos para mejorar la respuesta a la inmunoterapia y reducir los eventos adversos relacionados con la inmunidad (irAEs).
- Los desafíos significativos incluyen la especificidad de cepa, la variabilidad interindividual y la garantía de la seguridad de las intervenciones del microbioma.
Conclusiones:
- El microbioma intestinal es un factor crítico en la respuesta y toxicidad de la inmunoterapia contra el cáncer.
- La focalización del microbioma ofrece una vía prometedora para el tratamiento personalizado del cáncer, pero requiere una mayor comprensión mecanicista y enfoques estandarizados.
- La investigación futura debe centrarse en la integración de datos multiómicos y el desarrollo de intervenciones personalizadas para optimizar la modulación del microbioma para la inmunoterapia de precisión.
Palabras clave:
inmunoterapia contra el cáncermicrobiota extratumoralinhibidores de puntos de control inmunitariomicrobiota intratumoralmicrobiomamicroambiente inmunitario tumoralMás Videos Relacionados
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