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Comprensión de las causas de muerte fetal en Brasil utilizando el sistema de clasificación CODAC

Sherly Metelus1, Matias C Vieira1,2, Mariana Brasileiro1

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), School of Medical Sciences, Cidade Universitaria, Campinas, Brazil.

The journal of maternal-fetal & neonatal medicine : the official journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians
|January 11, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El sistema de Causas de Muerte y Condición Asociada (CODAC) redujo significativamente las muertes fetales no especificadas en Brasil en comparación con la CIE-10. Este sistema de clasificación ayuda a comprender las causas de muerte fetal y a informar las políticas de salud.

Palabras clave:
BrasilCODACsistemas de clasificación CIE-10Muerte fetalcausas de muerte fetal

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Medicina Perinatal
  • Salud Pública
  • Sistemas de Clasificación Médica

Sus antecedentes:

  • La muerte fetal sigue siendo un desafío importante para la salud mundial, con una proporción sustancial de casos clasificados bajo causas inespecíficas o no especificadas.
  • La clasificación precisa de la muerte fetal es crucial para identificar las causas subyacentes e implementar estrategias preventivas efectivas.
  • El sistema actual CIE-10 en Brasil tiene limitaciones para especificar las etiologías de la muerte fetal.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Comparar la efectividad del sistema de clasificación de Causas de Muerte y Condición Asociada (CODAC) frente al sistema CIE-10 en la reducción de muertes fetales no especificadas en Brasil.
  • Identificar factores maternos y relacionados con el embarazo asociados con la muerte fetal en la población brasileña.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó un estudio transversal retrospectivo que analizó 2545 casos de muerte fetal de diez centros obstétricos terciarios en Brasil (2009-2018).
  • Los datos se obtuvieron de registros médicos, certificados de defunción e investigaciones post mortem.
  • Se aplicó el sistema CODAC y se comparó su rendimiento con la CIE-10 utilizando el coeficiente kappa y la prueba de McNemar.

Principales resultados:

  • El sistema CODAC redujo la proporción de muertes fetales no especificadas del 40,79 % (CIE-10) al 22,00 %.
  • Se observaron disparidades regionales significativas, con tasas más altas de causas no especificadas en el noreste y causas específicas en el sureste.
  • Las afecciones maternas como la preeclampsia y la abrupción placentaria se asociaron significativamente con causas específicas de muerte fetal identificadas por CODAC.

Conclusiones:

  • El sistema de clasificación CODAC ofrece una mejor comprensión de las causas de muerte fetal en comparación con el sistema CIE-10.
  • La implementación de CODAC puede disminuir el número de casos de muerte fetal inexplicada, mejorando potencialmente las políticas de salud materna y perinatal en Brasil.