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Etiología de Segundos Molares Primarios Hipomineralizados: Una Revisión Sistemática
Atika Bouabid1,2,3, Rihab Mabrouk1,2,3, Selsebil Laajimi1,2,3
1Faculty of Dental Medicine of Monastir, University of Monastir, Monastir, Tunisia.
Resumen
Los Segundos Molares Primarios Hipomineralizados (HSPM) están relacionados con factores prenatales como el tabaquismo materno y las enfermedades, y factores postnatales como las enfermedades infantiles. La etiología de los HSPM es multifactorial y requiere más investigación.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Odontología Pediátrica
- Salud Pública Dental
- Biología del Desarrollo
Sus antecedentes:
- Los Segundos Molares Primarios Hipomineralizados (HSPM) son defectos del esmalte que afectan a los dientes primarios.
- La etiología de los HSPM no se comprende completamente, lo que hace necesaria una revisión de la evidencia actual.
- Esta revisión se centra en la identificación de posibles factores etiológicos para los HSPM.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Sintetizar la evidencia actual sobre los posibles factores etiológicos de los Segundos Molares Primarios Hipomineralizados (HSPM).
- Evaluar la solidez y las limitaciones de la investigación existente sobre la etiología de los HSPM.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión sistemática que se adhiere a las directrices PRISMA 2020.
- Búsqueda exhaustiva en cinco bases de datos científicas.
- Evaluación de la calidad y el sesgo utilizando la Escala de Newcastle-Ottawa.
Principales resultados:
- Nueve artículos cumplieron los criterios de inclusión, lo que indica una base de evidencia limitada.
- Los factores prenatales, incluidos los marcadores epigenéticos, el tabaquismo materno y las enfermedades maternas, mostraron las asociaciones más fuertes con los HSPM.
- Los factores perinatales (parto prematuro, complicaciones del parto) y los factores postnatales (enfermedades infantiles recurrentes) también se relacionaron, pero con evidencia menos sólida.
Conclusiones:
- Los HSPM son probablemente multifactoriales, influenciados por exposiciones prenatales, perinatales y postnatales.
- El nivel de evidencia actual es moderado, limitado por el tamaño, la calidad y el diseño del estudio.
- Se necesitan futuros estudios prospectivos a gran escala con criterios estandarizados para establecer la causalidad y fortalecer las conclusiones.
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