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Evaluación del desarrollo de rinusinusitis aguda recurrente en pacientes postrasplante: un estudio sobre la necesidad
Estephania Candelo1,2, Anyull Dayanna Bohorquez-Caballero1, Angela M Donaldson1
1Department of Otolaryngology and Head-Neck Surgery Mayo Clinic Jacksonville Florida USA.
OTO open
|January 12, 2026
Resumen
La rinusinusitis aguda recurrente (RARS) afecta a casi el 10% de los receptores de trasplante (RT). Las afecciones preexistentes como la artritis reumatoide aumentan el riesgo de RARS, pero rara vez se necesita cirugía.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Otorrinolaringología; Inmunología; Medicina de Trasplantes
Sus antecedentes:
- La rinusinusitis aguda recurrente (RARS) afecta significativamente la calidad de vida. Los receptores de trasplante (RT) enfrentan una mayor vulnerabilidad a las afecciones sinonasales. Faltan las directrices actuales de manejo para RARS en RT.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia de RARS en receptores de trasplante. Identificar los factores de riesgo asociados con el desarrollo de RARS post-trasplante. Evaluar la necesidad de intervención quirúrgica para RARS en esta población.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de cohorte retrospectivo de 1116 pacientes de 2017 a 2022. Los pacientes se clasificaron según el diagnóstico de RARS y la frecuencia de cirugía de senos paranasales. El análisis de regresión logística identificó las odds ratios para el desarrollo de RARS.
Principales resultados:
- El 9,95% de los receptores de trasplante desarrollaron RARS. El asma pre-trasplante, las infecciones virales y la artritis reumatoide (AR) fueron más comunes en pacientes con RARS. La AR, la neutropenia y el linfoma de células del manto aumentaron la probabilidad de RARS post-trasplante.
Conclusiones:
- Este estudio es el primero en examinar la incidencia de RARS y los factores predictivos en RT. Las comorbilidades pre-trasplante aumentan el riesgo de RARS, pero no necesariamente la necesidad de cirugía. El manejo de RARS en RT requiere una mayor investigación, con un bajo umbral para la intervención quirúrgica.
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