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Neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad: conceptos actuales y controversias

Pierre-François Dequin^1,2, Antoni Torres³, Matteo Bassetti⁴

¹Inserm UMR 1100, Research Centre for Respiratory Diseases, University of Tours, Tours, France. pfdequin@gmail.com.

Intensive care medicine

|January 12, 2026

Resumen

La neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad (sCAP) presenta importantes desafíos de salud pública. Los avances en diagnósticos y tratamientos inmunomoduladores ofrecen mejoras potenciales, pero requieren una mayor evaluación para una atención óptima al paciente.

Sus antecedentes:

La neumonía grave adquirida en la comunidad (sCAP) es una causa principal de morbilidad y mortalidad, lo que supone importantes cargas para la salud pública y la economía.
La aparición de patógenos resistentes complica la selección de antibióticos empíricos, lo que pone de manifiesto la necesidad de herramientas de diagnóstico avanzadas.
La sCAP implica una inflamación sistémica desregulada, lo que sugiere beneficios potenciales de las terapias inmunomoduladoras.

Conclusiones:

El manejo eficaz de la sCAP requiere un enfoque multifacético, que integre diagnósticos avanzados, uso juicioso de antibióticos y terapias potencialmente inmunomoduladoras.
Se necesita más investigación para definir las poblaciones óptimas de pacientes para tratamientos inmunomoduladores y para validar estrategias terapéuticas novedosas.
Los cuidados de apoyo personalizados, especialmente el soporte respiratorio, siguen siendo una piedra angular del tratamiento de la sCAP.

Palabras clave:

Antibióticos Biomarcadores Corticosteroides Diagnóstico Inflamación Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos Ventilación mecánica Oxigenoterapia Patógenos Puntuaciones

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