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Uso de redes sociales y bienestar en el desarrollo adolescente
Ben Singh1, Mason Zhou1, Rachel Curtis1
1Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition, and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
JAMA pediatrics
|January 12, 2026
Resumen
El uso de redes sociales por adolescentes muestra un complejo vínculo en forma de U con el bienestar. Tanto el uso más alto como la ausencia de uso se asocian con un menor bienestar, particularmente en niñas y niños mayores, a diferencia del uso moderado.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud del adolescente
- Bienestar digital
- Estudios de cohortes longitudinales
Sus antecedentes:
- El impacto de las redes sociales en el bienestar de los adolescentes es objeto de debate, con un uso intensivo asociado a la angustia y la abstinencia al aislamiento social.
- Comprender esta relación es crucial para las iniciativas de salud pública dirigidas a los jóvenes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las asociaciones longitudinales a lo largo de 3 años entre el uso de redes sociales después de la escuela y el bienestar de los adolescentes.
- Modelar estas asociaciones dentro de un marco transversal repetido utilizando datos de cohortes grandes.
Principales métodos:
- Un estudio de cohorte longitudinal de estudiantes australianos en los grados 4-12 (2019-2022).
- Uso de redes sociales autoinformado después de la escuela (ninguno, moderado, más alto) y bienestar evaluado a través de 8 indicadores validados.
- Se utilizaron modelos logísticos de efectos mixtos para el análisis, estratificados por sexo y ajustados por covariables.
Principales resultados:
- Se observó una asociación en forma de U entre el uso de redes sociales y el bienestar.
- El mayor uso de redes sociales aumentó las probabilidades de bajo bienestar en adolescentes más jóvenes (grados 7-9) y niñas mayores.
- La ausencia de uso de redes sociales aumentó las probabilidades de bajo bienestar en adolescentes mayores (grados 10-12), especialmente en niños.
Conclusiones:
- La asociación de las redes sociales con el bienestar de los adolescentes es no lineal y varía según la edad y el sexo.
- Tanto el uso excesivo como la abstinencia pueden ser perjudiciales para el bienestar de los adolescentes.
- Los hallazgos son observacionales y merecen una interpretación cautelosa, destacando la complejidad del compromiso digital y la salud mental de los jóvenes.
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