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Recuperación y recuperación: demandas fisiológicas entre ejercicios de tenis
Glenn Björklund1, Mikael Swarén2, Fredrik Johansson3,4
1Swedish Winter Sports Research Centre, Department of Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Östersund, Sweden.
PloS one
|January 12, 2026
Resumen
Los tenistas adolescentes de élite experimentan un estrés fisiológico significativo durante la recuperación entre ejercicios. El consumo de oxígeno se mantiene alto, lo que indica una demanda metabólica sostenida y una contribución anaeróbica incluso después de que el ejercicio se detiene.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología del Deporte
- Ciencia del Ejercicio
- Medicina Deportiva del Adolescente
Sus antecedentes:
- El tenis implica esfuerzos repetidos de alta intensidad con períodos de recuperación cortos.
- La comprensión de la recuperación fisiológica es crucial para optimizar el entrenamiento y el rendimiento en atletas jóvenes de élite.
- Existe una investigación limitada sobre la dinámica de recuperación específica entre ejercicios de tenis estandarizados en adolescentes.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las respuestas fisiológicas de recuperación entre ejercicios de tenis estandarizados repetidos en tenistas adolescentes de élite.
- Cuantificar los parámetros metabólicos y cardiorrespiratorios durante los intervalos de descanso.
- Evaluar la demanda fisiológica sostenida durante la fase de recuperación.
Principales métodos:
- Diez tenistas adolescentes de élite (edad 17 ± 2 años) participaron en el estudio.
- Se determinaron las características fisiológicas máximas mediante pruebas de esfuerzo en cinta rodante.
- Se realizaron ejercicios de tenis estandarizados en cancha con intervalos de descanso fijos.
- Se monitorizaron parámetros fisiológicos, incluido el consumo de oxígeno, la relación de intercambio respiratorio y el lactato en sangre.
Principales resultados:
- El consumo de oxígeno (Fórmula: ver texto) se mantuvo elevado (>75%) durante los ejercicios y la recuperación.
- La relación de intercambio respiratorio (RER) aumentó durante los períodos de recuperación.
- Los equivalentes ventilatorios para el dióxido de carbono (Fórmula: ver texto) aumentaron progresivamente durante la recuperación.
- Las concentraciones de lactato en sangre mostraron variaciones significativas en los intervalos de recuperación.
Conclusiones:
- Los ejercicios de tenis imponen una demanda metabólica sostenida que se extiende a la fase de recuperación.
- Se evidencia una contribución anaeróbica significativa durante la recuperación.
- La carga fisiológica de los ejercicios de tenis es sustancial y persiste incluso después de la interrupción del ejercicio.
- Los hallazgos resaltan la importancia de estrategias de recuperación adecuadas para los tenistas adolescentes de élite.
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