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La preferencia del agente en la ontogenia: Previsibilidad de los roles de agente y paciente en enunciados dirigidos a
Eva Huber1,2, Aylin C Küntay3, Balthasar Bickel1
1Department of Interdisciplinary Study of Language Evolution, University of Zurich.
Cognitive science
|January 12, 2026
Resumen
Los niños que aprenden un idioma priorizan los roles de agente, anticipando los "hacedores" de acciones más fácilmente que los "que sufren". Esta preferencia por el agente es consistente en todos los idiomas y requiere un contexto mínimo para la predicción.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicolingüística
- Psicología del Desarrollo
- Lingüística Computacional
Sus antecedentes:
- La comprensión del lenguaje implica predicción y revisión incrementales.
- Los adultos en todos los idiomas muestran una fuerte preferencia por el agente primero sobre los pacientes.
- Todavía no está claro cómo los niños aprenden los roles semánticos con una entrada incompleta.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Cuantificar la previsibilidad incremental de los roles semánticos (agentes frente a pacientes) en el habla dirigida a niños.
- Investigar el impacto de la información contextual en el aprendizaje de roles semánticos.
- Examinar la variación translingüística en la previsibilidad del agente/paciente.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizó habla transcrita dirigida a niños del tagalo, inglés y turco.
- Se empleó un modelo computacional entrenado con datos naturalistas para evaluar la previsibilidad incremental.
- Se validó el modelo computacional con datos experimentales en cada idioma.
Principales resultados:
- Los agentes fueron altamente predecibles en todos los idiomas y posiciones de las oraciones, necesitando poca información contextual.
- La previsibilidad del paciente fue menor y requirió más información contextual, variando según el idioma.
- Se observaron diferencias translingüísticas en la predicción del paciente.
Conclusiones:
- La asignación del rol de agente es una tarea más fácil para los niños en diversas lenguas.
- Los roles de paciente son inducidos contextualmente y moldeados por estructuras específicas del idioma.
- Los hallazgos respaldan una preferencia cognitiva general por los agentes en la adquisición del lenguaje.
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