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Metaanálisis de la memoria falsa en el envejecimiento cognitivo saludable y patológico
Sheng-Yin Huan1, Henry Otgaar2, Mark L Howe3
1Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University.
Psychology and aging
|January 12, 2026
Resumen
Los adultos mayores muestran un aumento de la memoria falsa en comparación con los adultos más jóvenes. Tanto el envejecimiento saludable como el deterioro cognitivo, como la enfermedad de Alzheimer, aumentan la susceptibilidad a los errores de memoria.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología Cognitiva; Neurociencia; Gerontología
Sus antecedentes:
- Las deficiencias de memoria verdadera están establecidas en el envejecimiento, pero se comprende menos el impacto en la memoria falsa.; Las teorías existentes, como la teoría de las trazas difusas y la teoría de la monitorización de la activación, sugieren que el envejecimiento cognitivo afecta los procesos de memoria.; Carece de análisis cuantitativo de la memoria falsa en el envejecimiento saludable y patológico.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Realizar un metaanálisis sobre los efectos del envejecimiento cognitivo en la memoria falsa.; Comparar los niveles de memoria falsa en adultos jóvenes, adultos mayores sanos e individuos con deterioro cognitivo leve o enfermedad de Alzheimer.; Identificar los moderadores que influyen en la relación entre el envejecimiento y la memoria falsa.
Principales métodos:
- Metaanálisis de 150 artículos que comprenden 414 tamaños de efecto independientes.; Comparación de la memoria falsa espontánea e inducida por sugestión en diferentes grupos de edad.; Análisis de moderadores que examinan factores como el material experimental, el intervalo de retención y la educación de los participantes.
Principales resultados:
- Los adultos mayores demostraron niveles significativamente más altos de memoria falsa espontánea e inducida por sugestión en comparación con los adultos más jóvenes.; Los pacientes con deterioro cognitivo leve/enfermedad de Alzheimer mostraron una memoria falsa espontánea más alta que los adultos mayores sanos.; Los factores experimentales y de los participantes, incluida la edad y la educación, moderaron significativamente el efecto del envejecimiento en la memoria falsa.
Conclusiones:
- El envejecimiento cognitivo, tanto saludable como patológico, aumenta la susceptibilidad a la memoria falsa.; Las teorías integradas (trazas difusas y monitorización de la activación) pueden explicar las diferencias en la memoria falsa relacionadas con la edad.; La disminución de la memoria literal y la monitorización, junto con la hiperactivación de la codificación, contribuyen al aumento de la memoria falsa en el envejecimiento.
Palabras clave:
envejecimiento cognitivomemoria falsametaanálisisdeterioro cognitivoenfermedad de AlzheimerMás Videos Relacionados
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