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Diagnóstico de demencia: explore los perfiles cognitivos de la enfermedad de Alzheimer, vascular, FTD, LBD y otras
Edith Labos1, Diana Cristalli2, Florencia Deschle3
1PhD, Prof. Titular Consulta, Instituto de Salud Pública. Área de Investigación de Funciones Cognitivas, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos. edithlabos@gmail.com.
Vertex (Buenos Aires, Argentina)
|January 13, 2026
Resumen
El diagnóstico de demencia es un desafío debido a la superposición de síntomas en diversas formas como la enfermedad de Alzheimer y la demencia vascular. Este estudio detalla los perfiles cognitivos para ayudar en el diagnóstico diferencial cuando no se dispone de pruebas avanzadas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurología
- Ciencia Cognitiva
- Geriatría
Sus antecedentes:
- La demencia se presenta con un declive cognitivo y funcional progresivo.
- La enfermedad de Alzheimer es la más común, pero otras formas como la demencia vascular, la demencia frontotemporal y la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy plantean desafíos diagnósticos.
- La demencia en etapa temprana a menudo muestra síntomas clínicos y cognitivos superpuestos, lo que complica el diagnóstico preciso.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Proporcionar una descripción general actualizada de los perfiles cognitivos en varios tipos de demencia.
- Ofrecer utilidad clínica para el diagnóstico diferencial de la demencia.
- Guiar a los médicos en la identificación de subtipos de demencia basados en patrones cognitivos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión y descripción de los perfiles cognitivos para los principales tipos de demencia.
- Enfoque en la presentación inicial y los patrones de progresión.
- Consideración de la utilidad clínica en ausencia de neuroimagen avanzada o biomarcadores.
Principales resultados:
- Perfiles cognitivos detallados para la enfermedad de Alzheimer, la demencia vascular, la demencia frontotemporal de variante conductual, la demencia con cuerpos de Lewy, las afasias primarias progresivas, la demencia de la enfermedad de Parkinson y la demencia de aparición tardía (LATE).
- Resalta la heterogeneidad y las características superpuestas que complican el diagnóstico.
- Enfatiza la importancia de patrones cognitivos distintos para la diferenciación.
Conclusiones:
- Comprender los perfiles cognitivos específicos es crucial para el diagnóstico diferencial de la demencia.
- Este enfoque basado en la cognición ofrece un valor clínico práctico, especialmente cuando los diagnósticos complejos son inaccesibles.
- Una comprensión clara de las trayectorias cognitivas ayuda en el diagnóstico oportuno y preciso de la demencia.
Palabras clave:
diagnóstico diferencialperfiles cognitivosdemenciaenfermedad de Alzheimerdemencia vasculardemencia frontotemporaldemencia con cuerpos de LewyMás Videos Relacionados
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