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Uso de Antipsicóticos Atípicos en Poblaciones Pediátricas
1Beth Heuer, Clinical Professor, The Ohio State University College of Nursing, Columbus, OH.
Resumen
Las enfermeras practicantes son cruciales para el manejo de antipsicóticos atípicos en niños con trastorno bipolar, esquizofrenia y otras afecciones. Esta revisión cubre la prescripción, el monitoreo y la interrupción de estos medicamentos pediátricos vitales.
Sus antecedentes:
- Los antipsicóticos atípicos son tratamientos primarios para el trastorno bipolar y la esquizofrenia en pediatría.
- Estos medicamentos también controlan los comportamientos en el trastorno del espectro autista, los trastornos de conducta disruptiva y los trastornos de tics.
- Las enfermeras practicantes son clave en la iniciación y el monitoreo de estos tratamientos para niños.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Revisar la farmacocinética, farmacodinámica y farmacogenómica de los antipsicóticos atípicos comunes.
- Guiar la prescripción, el monitoreo y la interrupción apropiados de estos medicamentos en pacientes pediátricos.
- Destacar el papel de las enfermeras practicantes en el manejo de estos medicamentos.
Principales métodos:
- Revisión de datos farmacocinéticos, farmacodinámicos y farmacogenómicos de antipsicóticos atípicos específicos.
- Síntesis de la literatura actual sobre estrategias de prescripción, monitoreo e interrupción.
- Enfoque en medicamentos que incluyen aripiprazol, olanzapina, quetiapina y risperidona.
Principales resultados:
- Descripciones detalladas de los perfiles farmacocinéticos, farmacodinámicos y farmacogenómicos de los antipsicóticos atípicos clave.
- Orientación sobre el monitoreo de la eficacia y los posibles efectos secundarios en poblaciones pediátricas.
- Consideraciones para protocolos de interrupción o descontinuación seguros y efectivos.
Conclusiones:
- Los antipsicóticos atípicos son esenciales para el manejo de diversas afecciones psiquiátricas pediátricas.
- Los enfoques basados en evidencia para la prescripción y el monitoreo son críticos para optimizar los resultados del tratamiento.
- Las enfermeras practicantes requieren un conocimiento integral para manejar eficazmente estos medicamentos en niños.
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