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Interacción entre la respiración y el control motor central en la regulación cardíaca autónoma
Pauline Doussineau1, Antoine Mariani1, Laurent Reale1
1University of La Réunion, UFRSHE, IRISSE Laboratory (EA4075), Le Tampon, France.
The journal of physiological sciences : JPS
|January 13, 2026
Resumen
El movimiento voluntario impacta significativamente la regulación autonómica cardíaca, anulando las influencias de la respiración. Centrarse en la espiración durante la fase de retorno del ejercicio puede ayudar a mantener la actividad del sistema nervioso parasimpático.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología Cardiovascular
- Regulación del Sistema Nervioso Autónomo
- Fisiología del Ejercicio
Sus antecedentes:
- Las adaptaciones del entrenamiento físico en la regulación autonómica cardíaca son clave para los beneficios del ejercicio para la salud.
- Comprender la interacción entre el comando motor, la respiración y las respuestas autonómicas es crucial.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar cómo interactúan el comando motor central, la frecuencia respiratoria y el momento de la espiración durante el movimiento aislado de una articulación.
- Determinar la influencia dominante en la regulación autonómica cardíaca: el comando motor o el patrón de respiración.
Principales métodos:
- Quince voluntarios sanos realizaron tareas de extensión de piernas en diversas condiciones (movimiento activo/pasivo, frecuencias respiratorias, momento de la espiración).
- Análisis de los intervalos RR y la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (VFC) para evaluar la regulación autonómica y parasimpática.
- Diseño cruzado aleatorizado para comparar diferentes condiciones experimentales.
Principales resultados:
- El control motor voluntario redujo significativamente los índices de regulación autonómica y parasimpática.
- La respiración lenta (6-12 ciclos/min) mejoró la regulación autonómica y parasimpática.
- El comando motor demostró una influencia dominante en la regulación autonómica cardíaca, independientemente de la frecuencia respiratoria.
- La espiración durante la fase de retorno del movimiento se relacionó con un aumento de la actividad parasimpática.
Conclusiones:
- El comando motor central juega un papel principal en la modulación de la regulación autonómica cardíaca.
- La frecuencia respiratoria influye en la regulación autonómica, pero su efecto es secundario al comando motor.
- Optimizar el momento de la espiración durante la fase de recuperación del movimiento puede ser una estrategia para preservar la función parasimpática.
Palabras clave:
sistema nervioso autónomomovimientoregulación parasimpáticaactividad físicavariabilidad RRrespiraciónMás Videos Relacionados
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