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Cambios de actitud inducidos por retroalimentación en las preferencias de riesgo
Antonios Nasioulas1,2, Elise Potier3, Fabien Cerrotti4,5
1Département d'Études Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université de Recherche Paris Sciences et Lettres, Paris, France. nasioulas@ens.fr.
Nature communications
|January 13, 2026
Resumen
La retroalimentación de resultados posteriores a la elección aumenta consistentemente la toma de riesgos, pero no la precisión de las decisiones. Este efecto se deriva de cambios de actitud, como la curiosidad y el arrepentimiento anticipado, en lugar del aprendizaje de los resultados experimentados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psicología cognitiva
- Economía conductual
- Neurociencia
Sus antecedentes:
- La teoría de la decisión normativa asume que la retroalimentación no altera las preferencias por loterías completamente descritas.
- La evidencia empírica muestra que la retroalimentación impacta la toma de riesgos, pero falta consenso sobre los mecanismos.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Desentrañar las hipótesis de aprendizaje y actitudinales de los efectos de la retroalimentación en la toma de decisiones bajo riesgo.
- Investigar los mecanismos cognitivos que impulsan los cambios inducidos por la retroalimentación en la toma de riesgos.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizaron siete experimentos conductuales que involucraron la toma de decisiones bajo riesgo con diversas condiciones de retroalimentación.
- Se emplearon análisis temporales detallados para diferenciar entre efectos previos y posteriores a la experiencia.
- Se examinó la influencia de la retroalimentación parcial frente a la completa.
Principales resultados:
- La retroalimentación aumentó consistentemente la toma de riesgos pero no mejoró la maximización de las decisiones.
- Los análisis temporales indicaron que la influencia de la retroalimentación precede a la experiencia del resultado, lo que desafía la hipótesis del aprendizaje.
- La retroalimentación parcial aumentó la toma de riesgos debido a la curiosidad; la retroalimentación completa la aumentó debido al arrepentimiento anticipado.
Conclusiones:
- La retroalimentación sesga la toma de decisiones principalmente a través de mecanismos de actitud, no de aprendizaje.
- La curiosidad y el arrepentimiento anticipado son impulsores de actitud clave para aumentar la toma de riesgos después de la retroalimentación.
- Comprender estos cambios de actitud es crucial para explicar la toma de decisiones bajo riesgo.
Palabras clave:
economía conductualtoma de riesgosretroalimentación de resultadoscuriosidadarrepentimientopsicología cognitivateoría de la decisiónMás Videos Relacionados
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