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Regulación autonómica durante el sueño y la vigilia en un período de invernada antártica
C Tortello1, A Folgueira2, B Cauda3
1Chronophysiology Lab, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), Catholic University of Argentina (UCA) and National Scientific and Technical Research Council (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
Scientific reports
|January 13, 2026
Resumen
La fisiología humana se adapta al aislamiento antártico, con cambios en la regulación del sistema nervioso autónomo durante el confinamiento prolongado y la noche polar. Estos hallazgos son clave para el manejo del estrés en entornos extremos.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Fisiología humana
- Adaptación a entornos extremos
- Sistema nervioso autónomo
Sus antecedentes:
- Los entornos aislados, confinados y extremos plantean importantes desafíos psicofisiológicos.
- Investigaciones previas indican efectos en la respuesta autónoma, pero la adaptación de los ciclos de sueño-vigilia y los ritmos circadianos sigue sin estar clara.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto del aislamiento prolongado y la noche polar en la actividad del sistema nervioso autónomo.
- Comprender la adaptación fisiológica humana en condiciones de invernada antártica.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio observacional longitudinal durante una campaña de un año en la estación antártica argentina Belgrano II.
- Se midió la variabilidad de la frecuencia cardíaca (modulación autonómica cardíaca) en 13 tripulantes cada dos meses.
- Se analizaron grabaciones de 24 horas para determinar los patrones de regulación autonómica.
Principales resultados:
- La regulación parasimpática disminuyó durante la vigilia y aumentó durante el sueño con el aislamiento prolongado.
- La actividad parasimpática durante el sueño disminuyó durante la noche polar, lo que indica un efecto estacional.
- Se observaron cambios significativos en la actividad del sistema nervioso autónomo a lo largo del año.
Conclusiones:
- El aislamiento prolongado y la noche polar influyen significativamente en la regulación autonómica en humanos.
- Se identificaron distintos efectos estacionales en la actividad parasimpática.
- Los hallazgos son cruciales para desarrollar contramedidas contra problemas de salud relacionados con el estrés en entornos extremos.
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