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Exercise and Muscle Performance01:27

Exercise and Muscle Performance

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Exercise induces a range of adaptations in muscle tissue, depending on the type and duration of activity. Such physical training can be broadly categorized into two types: endurance exercises and resistance exercises.
Endurance exercises
Endurance exercises involve running, swimming, or cycling, which require repetitive movements with low force output. When a person engages in endurance exercise, a few noticeable changes occur in their skeletal muscles. For instance, the number of capillaries...
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Exercise and Cardiovascular Response01:20

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Exercise significantly impacts cardiovascular response, which is crucial for understanding patient health and designing effective treatment plans.
Light to moderate physical activity initiates a series of interconnected responses in the body. The heart rate modestly increases in anticipation of the workout, followed by widespread vasodilation as oxygen consumption by skeletal muscles increases. This results in decreased peripheral resistance, increased capillary blood flow, and accelerated...
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Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

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As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Exercise and Cardiac Output01:17

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Regular physical activity is essential for maintaining cardiovascular health, with aerobic exercises being particularly effective. According to the American Heart Association, 150 minutes of moderate to intense aerobic exercise per week is recommended for a healthy heart. Aerobic activities may include brisk walking, running, bicycling, cross-country skiing, and swimming, ideally performed three to five times per week.
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Aging and its effect on bone remodeling is the most common cause of bone disorders. In young and healthy people, bone deposition and resorption happen at an equal rate to maintain optimal bone health.
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Updated: Jan 15, 2026

Improving Strength, Power, Muscle Aerobic Capacity, and Glucose Tolerance through Short-term Progressive Strength Training Among Elderly People
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Ejercicio, Exerkines y Sarcopenia

Hye Soo Chung1, Kyung Mook Choi2

  • 1Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Chuncheon, Korea.

Diabetes & metabolism journal
|January 14, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

Los exerkines, moléculas inducidas por el ejercicio, son clave para comprender y tratar la sarcopenia, un trastorno de pérdida muscular. Estos factores de señalización median los beneficios del ejercicio, ofreciendo nuevas estrategias terapéuticas para el declive muscular relacionado con la edad.

Palabras clave:
Tejido adiposoEnvejecimientoEjercicioHígadoMúsculoesqueléticoSarcopenia

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Fisiología del ejercicio
  • Biología molecular
  • Gerontología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La sarcopenia es un trastorno muscular relacionado con la edad que afecta la movilidad y la independencia.
  • El ejercicio es una intervención principal, pero sus mecanismos moleculares no se comprenden completamente.
  • Los exerkines están surgiendo como mediadores críticos de los beneficios sistémicos del ejercicio.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los exerkines identificados recientemente relevantes para el músculo esquelético.
  • Explorar el papel de los exerkines en la fisiopatología de la sarcopenia.
  • Resumir las respuestas de los exerkines a diferentes tipos de ejercicio para el manejo de la sarcopenia.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de literatura sobre investigación de exerkines.
  • Análisis de la señalización de exerkines en la fisiología del músculo esquelético.
  • Síntesis de datos sobre los efectos de la modalidad de ejercicio en los perfiles de exerkines.

Principales resultados:

  • Los exerkines son secretados por varios tejidos y actúan a través de vías autocrinas, paracrinas y endocrinas.
  • Regulan la regeneración muscular, la función mitocondrial, la inflamación y el metabolismo.
  • La secreción y función de los exerkines son moduladas por parámetros de ejercicio (modo, intensidad, duración).

Conclusiones:

  • La señalización de exerkines es crucial para la comunicación interórganos y la adaptación al ejercicio.
  • La comprensión de los exerkines ofrece nuevas dianas terapéuticas para la sarcopenia.
  • La modulación de los exerkines puede beneficiar a las personas que no pueden hacer ejercicio regularmente.