Progreso de la investigación en la centralización meniscal para la extrusión degenerativa del menisco medial

To review the biomechanical rationale, surgical techniques, and clinical outcomes of meniscal centralization for degenerative medial meniscus extrusion.

A comprehensive literature search was conducted on recent domestic and international studies focusing on biomechanics, surgical methods, and clinical applications of meniscal centralization.

Meniscus extrusion (radial displacement ≥3 mm beyond the tibial plateau) is commonly associated with degenerative knee conditions, leading to meniscal dysfunction and accelerated osteoarthritis progression. Meniscal centralization is a surgical technique that reduces extrusion by suturing the displaced meniscus back to the tibial plateau, thereby restoring its coverage and load-sharing function. Biomechanical studies have demonstrated its efficacy in reducing extrusion and improving joint contact mechanics. Surgical techniques primarily include the Pull-out method and anchor-based fixation, often supplemented by Pie-crusting release and meniscal mobilization to facilitate reduction. Clinical evidence suggests that centralization, either alone or combined with high tibial osteotomy and/or meniscal root repair, can improve short-term functional scores, reduce extrusion, and potentially delay joint degeneration.

Meniscal centralization represents a promising joint-preserving technique with favorable biomechanical and early clinical outcomes. However, its long-term efficacy warrants further investigation through high-quality studies.