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Updated: Jan 17, 2026

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Tormenta de citocinas

Rajendra Karki1,2,3, Mihai G Netea4,5, Caroline Diorio6,7

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, College of Natural Science, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.

Nature reviews. Disease primers
|January 15, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

La tormenta de citocinas, una respuesta inmune hiperactivada, causa inflamación peligrosa y daño orgánico. Comprender su bucle de retroalimentación positiva que involucra citocinas y muerte celular es clave para desarrollar nuevos tratamientos.

Palabras clave:
tormenta de citocinasrespuesta inmuneinflamaciónmuerte celularPANoptosiscitocinasretroalimentación positivaterapias

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Inmunología
  • Biología Celular
  • Fisiopatología

Sus antecedentes:

  • La tormenta de citocinas implica niveles elevados de citocinas circulantes de respuestas inmunes hiperactivadas, lo que conduce a daño tisular y posible letalidad.
  • Puede ser desencadenada por infecciones, enfermedades autoinmunes, factores genéticos o tratamientos médicos, lo que complica el diagnóstico y el manejo.
  • Los mecanismos moleculares conservados subyacentes a la tormenta de citocinas ofrecen posibles dianas terapéuticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Elucidar los mecanismos moleculares y celulares que impulsan la tormenta de citocinas.
  • Identificar vías conservadas que puedan informar estrategias terapéuticas para la tormenta de citocinas.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de estudios existentes sobre la tormenta de citocinas.
  • Análisis de vías de señalización molecular.
  • Investigación de mecanismos de muerte celular inflamatoria, incluida la PANoptosis.

Principales resultados:

  • La tormenta de citocinas se inicia por la producción de citocinas y se amplifica por un bucle de retroalimentación positiva entre las citocinas y la muerte celular inflamatoria (PANoptosis).
  • Las células liberan citocinas a través de secreción canónica o muerte celular lítica (piroptosis, PANoptosis).
  • Las citocinas liberadas y las moléculas asociadas al daño inducen PANoptosis paracrina en células vecinas, amplificando aún más el ciclo.

Conclusiones:

  • Comprender el bucle de retroalimentación positiva entre las citocinas y la PANoptosis es crucial para comprender la tormenta de citocinas.
  • Dirigirse a estos mecanismos moleculares conservados es esencial para desarrollar terapias efectivas para mejorar los resultados de los pacientes.