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Rheumatic Heart Disease I: Introduction01:23

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Rheumatic heart disease or RHD is a chronic condition that results from rheumatic fever, causing permanent damage to the heart valves.Etiology and Risk FactorsIt primarily arises from rheumatic fever, an inflammatory disease that can develop after untreated or inadequately treated group A streptococcal (GAS) pharyngitis. Streptococcus spreads through direct contact with oral or respiratory secretions. While the bacteria are the causative agents, factors like malnutrition, overcrowding, poor...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:22

Rheumatic Heart Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

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The key clinical manifestations of Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) include several distinct cardiac symptoms.Carditis, a hallmark of acute rheumatic fever, involves inflammation of the heart's endocardium, myocardium, and pericardium. Chronic RHD often results from recurrent episodes of carditis. Its symptoms include the following:Murmurs are caused by valvular damage, especially to the mitral and aortic valves. Mitral stenosis or regurgitation is common, with characteristic heart murmurs...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management01:21

Rheumatic Heart Disease III: Medical Management

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Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) management can be divided into two main strategies: prevention and long-term management.Primary PreventionPrimary prevention focuses on timely diagnosis and management of group A streptococcal pharyngitis to prevent acute rheumatic fever. The most widely used antibiotic for treating this condition is intramuscular benzathine penicillin G.Acute Rheumatic Fever TreatmentThe primary treatment goal for a patient diagnosed with acute rheumatic fever is to suppress the...
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
GWAS does not require the identification of the target gene involved in...
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Rheumatic Heart Disease IV: Nursing Management01:20

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AssessmentA comprehensive assessment is essential in managing a patient with rheumatic heart disease (RHD). Begin with obtaining a detailed medical history, including recent streptococcal infections, a history of rheumatic fever, or previously diagnosed rheumatic heart disease. Assess the patient for symptoms such as fever, chest pain, widespread joint pain (arthralgia), tachycardia, pericardial friction rub, muffled heart sounds, heart murmurs, peripheral edema, subcutaneous nodules, and...
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Connective Tissue Cell Types01:22

Connective Tissue Cell Types

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Connective tissue develops from the mesoderm of a developing embryo and consists of cells, fibers, and ground substance: a gel-like material containing large complexes of carbohydrates and proteins. Connective tissue was first identified as a separate tissue family in the 18th century, and Johannes Peter Muller coined the term connective tissue.
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Updated: Jan 18, 2026

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Reumatología: Novedades en 2025

Marie Dudler1, Thomas Reygaerts1, Jean Dudler1

  • 1Service de rhumatologie, HFR Fribourg - Hôpital cantonal, 1708 Fribourg.

Revue medicale suisse
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Los nuevos criterios de estratificación de la artritis reumatoide (AR) permiten identificar a las personas en riesgo. Los tratamientos emergentes para la AR establecida incluyen terapias novedosas y neuroestimulación vagal, y la pentraxina 3 muestra ser prometedora como nuevo biomarcador.

Palabras clave:
artritis reumatoidecriterios de estratificaciónbiomarcadorpentraxina 3tratamientos emergentesneuroestimulación vagal

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Reumatología
  • Inmunología
  • Tecnología Médica

Sus antecedentes:

  • El diagnóstico y tratamiento de la artritis reumatoide (AR) están evolucionando.
  • Las opciones actuales de estratificación de riesgos y tratamiento para la AR tienen limitaciones.
  • Existe la necesidad de mejorar los marcadores diagnósticos y las estrategias terapéuticas.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Revisar los avances recientes en la detección y el manejo de la artritis reumatoide (AR).
  • Destacar los objetivos terapéuticos emergentes y las intervenciones no farmacológicas para la AR.
  • Presentar biomarcadores novedosos para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la AR.

Principales métodos:

  • Revisión de literatura reciente sobre estratificación, prevención y tratamiento de la AR.
  • Análisis de agentes terapéuticos emergentes, incluidas inmunoterapias y nuevas clases de fármacos.
  • Evaluación de nuevos marcadores diagnósticos y tratamientos no farmacológicos para la AR.

Principales resultados:

  • Los nuevos criterios de estratificación de la AR ayudan en la detección temprana de personas en riesgo.
  • Los tratamientos preventivos muestran beneficios transitorios, lo que requiere una investigación adicional.
  • Las terapias emergentes para la AR difícil de tratar incluyen anti-PD-1, inhibidores de GM-CSF, anticuerpos biespecíficos y neuroestimulación vagal.
  • La pentraxina 3 demuestra potencial como biomarcador complementario para la AR.

Conclusiones:

  • Los avances en la estratificación y detección temprana de la AR son cruciales.
  • Las estrategias terapéuticas novedosas están ampliando las opciones para la AR establecida y difícil de tratar.
  • La pentraxina 3 representa una adición prometedora al panel existente de biomarcadores de AR.