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Síndrome de Caplan: Reporte de un caso

Ali Moussa Mahaman Laouali1, Maïga Soumaila1, Ismael Ayouba Tinni2

  • 1Department of Pulmonology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center Ouagadougou Burkina Faso.

Clinical case reports
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Resumen
Este resumen es generado por máquina.

El síndrome de Caplan, una rara combinación de silicosis y artritis reumatoide, a menudo se diagnostica de forma insuficiente. Este caso destaca la importancia de reconocer la neumoconiosis reumatoide en personas expuestas a la sílice, especialmente mineros.

Palabras clave:
CaplanCollinetartritis reumatoideneumoconiosis reumatoidesilicosis

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Reumatología
  • Neumología
  • Medicina Ocupacional

Sus antecedentes:

  • El síndrome de Caplan, o neumoconiosis reumatoide, es una afección rara que combina silicosis y artritis reumatoide.
  • La exposición al polvo de sílice es un factor de riesgo conocido para diversas enfermedades respiratorias y sistémicas.
  • La afección a menudo se diagnostica de forma insuficiente, particularmente en poblaciones con exposición significativa al polvo.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Presentar un caso de síndrome de Caplan en un minero de oro.
  • Enfatizar la importancia de la conciencia clínica para esta rara afección.
  • Discutir los desafíos diagnósticos y el manejo de la neumoconiosis reumatoide.

Principales métodos:

  • Estudio de caso de un minero de oro de 39 años con una historia laboral de 20 años.
  • Análisis de la presentación clínica, incluido poliartritis crónica progresiva y contexto febril.
  • Confirmación diagnóstica a través de exámenes clínicos y paraclinicos.

Principales resultados:

  • El paciente presentó poliartritis bilateral y simétrica que afectó articulaciones pequeñas y grandes, con deterioro funcional.
  • El cuadro clínico se caracterizó por un curso crónico y febril.
  • Se estableció el diagnóstico de síndrome de Caplan basándose en los antecedentes y los hallazgos clínicos del paciente.

Conclusiones:

  • El síndrome de Caplan es una afección rara pero significativa en personas expuestas al polvo de sílice.
  • El reconocimiento y diagnóstico tempranos son cruciales debido a su potencial de subdiagnóstico.
  • El manejo multidisciplinario y el seguimiento riguroso son esenciales para los pacientes con neumoconiosis reumatoide.