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Síndrome de Caplan: Reporte de un caso
Ali Moussa Mahaman Laouali1, Maïga Soumaila1, Ismael Ayouba Tinni2
1Department of Pulmonology Yalgado Ouédraogo University Hospital Center Ouagadougou Burkina Faso.
Clinical case reports
|January 16, 2026
Resumen
El síndrome de Caplan, una rara combinación de silicosis y artritis reumatoide, a menudo se diagnostica de forma insuficiente. Este caso destaca la importancia de reconocer la neumoconiosis reumatoide en personas expuestas a la sílice, especialmente mineros.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Reumatología
- Neumología
- Medicina Ocupacional
Sus antecedentes:
- El síndrome de Caplan, o neumoconiosis reumatoide, es una afección rara que combina silicosis y artritis reumatoide.
- La exposición al polvo de sílice es un factor de riesgo conocido para diversas enfermedades respiratorias y sistémicas.
- La afección a menudo se diagnostica de forma insuficiente, particularmente en poblaciones con exposición significativa al polvo.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Presentar un caso de síndrome de Caplan en un minero de oro.
- Enfatizar la importancia de la conciencia clínica para esta rara afección.
- Discutir los desafíos diagnósticos y el manejo de la neumoconiosis reumatoide.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio de caso de un minero de oro de 39 años con una historia laboral de 20 años.
- Análisis de la presentación clínica, incluido poliartritis crónica progresiva y contexto febril.
- Confirmación diagnóstica a través de exámenes clínicos y paraclinicos.
Principales resultados:
- El paciente presentó poliartritis bilateral y simétrica que afectó articulaciones pequeñas y grandes, con deterioro funcional.
- El cuadro clínico se caracterizó por un curso crónico y febril.
- Se estableció el diagnóstico de síndrome de Caplan basándose en los antecedentes y los hallazgos clínicos del paciente.
Conclusiones:
- El síndrome de Caplan es una afección rara pero significativa en personas expuestas al polvo de sílice.
- El reconocimiento y diagnóstico tempranos son cruciales debido a su potencial de subdiagnóstico.
- El manejo multidisciplinario y el seguimiento riguroso son esenciales para los pacientes con neumoconiosis reumatoide.
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