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Acceso geográfico a farmacias comunitarias en Columbia Británica, Canadá
Alexander C T Tam1, L Olivia Tseng2,3, Wei Zhang1,4
1Centre for Advancing Health Outcomes, Providence Research, Vancouver, Canada.
Journal of pharmaceutical policy and practice
|January 16, 2026
Resumen
Existen disparidades urbano-rurales en el acceso a farmacias comunitarias en Columbia Británica (BC), Canadá. Las comunidades remotas, en particular aquellas con grandes poblaciones, enfrentan desafíos significativos para acceder a servicios farmacéuticos esenciales.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Práctica Farmacéutica
- Investigación de Servicios de Salud
- Sistemas de Información Geográfica (SIG)
Sus antecedentes:
- El acceso a las farmacias comunitarias es crucial para la prestación de atención médica.
- Las disparidades geográficas en el acceso a la atención médica son una preocupación creciente.
- La extensión de las diferencias urbano-rurales en el acceso a farmacias en Columbia Británica (BC) era previamente desconocida.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar y describir la disparidad geográfica en el acceso a farmacias comunitarias entre áreas urbanas y rurales en BC.
- Cuantificar la relación entre las características de la comunidad (estatus urbano, población) y la accesibilidad de la farmacia.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó un análisis de sistema de información geográfica (SIG) utilizando datos geoespaciales disponibles públicamente.
- Se utilizaron ubicaciones de farmacias comunitarias, redes de carreteras y límites de comunidades en BC.
- Se definió un área de servicio de 5 kilómetros para cada farmacia y se calculó el número de farmacias accesibles por comunidad.
Principales resultados:
- El análisis incluyó 1.528 farmacias comunitarias y 231 comunidades geográficas.
- Todas las comunidades urbanas medianas/grandes tenían acceso a cinco o más farmacias.
- El acceso disminuyó con el aumento de la ruralidad; 0 de las 17 comunidades remotas tenían acceso a cinco o más farmacias, y 14 comunidades remotas tenían acceso a una o cero farmacias.
Conclusiones:
- Existe una clara disparidad urbano-rural en el acceso a farmacias comunitarias en Columbia Británica.
- Las comunidades remotas y sus poblaciones enfrentan barreras significativas para acceder a las farmacias comunitarias.
- El análisis SIG destaca eficazmente las inequidades geográficas en la distribución de los servicios de atención médica.
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