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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Membrane Fluidity01:23

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Cell membranes are composed of phospholipids, proteins, and carbohydrates loosely attached to one another through chemical interactions. Molecules are generally able to move about in the plane of the membrane, giving the membrane its flexible nature called fluidity. Two other features of the membrane contribute to membrane fluidity: the chemical structure of the phospholipids and the presence of cholesterol in the membrane.
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Lipids as Anchors01:32

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In the plasma membrane, the lipids forming the bilayer can also act as an anchor to tether proteins to the membrane. The three main types of lipid anchors found in eukaryotes are – prenyl groups, fatty acyl groups, and glycosylphosphatidylinositol or GPI groups. Prenyl and fatty acyl groups act as anchors on the cytosolic surface of the membrane, whereas GPI anchors proteins on the extracellular side.
The carboxy-terminal of most of the prenylated proteins, such as Ras proteins, contains...
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Biosynthesis of Lipids01:29

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Microbial membranes exhibit remarkable diversity in lipid composition, reflecting evolutionary adaptations to various environmental conditions. The three domains of life—Bacteria, Archaea, and Eukarya—synthesize membrane lipids through distinct biosynthetic pathways, leading to fundamental structural differences that impact membrane stability, function, and adaptability.Fatty Acid-Based Lipids in Bacteria and EukaryaBacteria and eukaryotes share a common fatty acid biosynthesis...
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Assembly of the Lipid Bilayer in the ER01:28

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Biological membranes are more than just a barrier separating cell cytoplasm from the outside environment. They are highly dynamic and help maintain the integrity and physiological stability of the cells as well as membrane-bound organelles. Membranes also play vital roles in cell-to-cell and intracellular communication.
A large chunk of any biological membrane is composed of phospholipids. These lipids have a heterogeneous distribution across different subcellular organelles and even between...
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Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement01:27

Bioavailability Enhancement: Drug Permeability Enhancement

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Body:After oral administration, poor permeability often limits the rate at which drugs are absorbed through the intestinal epithelium. Enhancing drug permeability is crucial for effective therapy, and several strategies have been developed to overcome this challenge.One effective strategy involves the use of lipid-based formulations. These formulations enhance dissolution and solubility, targeting physiological mechanisms to increase drug absorption. This includes stimulating bile salt...
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Formulaciones concentradas de ramnolípidos: uniendo la quimiodiversidad con la estructura, el comportamiento de flujo

Matilde Tancredi1,2, Carlo Carandente Coscia1,2, Michela Buonocore1

  • 1Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario di Monte Santangelo, Via Cintia 4, Naples I-80126, Italy.

ACS sustainable chemistry & engineering
|January 16, 2026
PubMed
Resumen

Este estudio muestra que los biosurfactantes, específicamente los ramnolípidos, son excelentes para crear formulaciones biobasadas estables y ultraconcentradas. Su composición única permite una estructura de micelas consistente, manteniendo baja viscosidad y poder de limpieza incluso a altas concentraciones.

Palabras clave:
biosurfactantesmezcla de congéneresdetergentes ecososteniblesreologíaautoensamblajeformulaciones ultraconcentradas

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Single-Molecule Diffusion and Assembly on Polymer-Crowded Lipid Membranes
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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Diseño de Productos Sostenibles
  • Formulaciones Biobasadas
  • Química de Tensioactivos

Sus antecedentes:

  • Las formulaciones biobasadas ultraconcentradas son un área clave en el diseño de productos sostenibles.
  • Los biosurfactantes ofrecen quimiodiversidad natural para optimizar la estructura y función de la formulación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Investigar la composición de una muestra comercial de ramnolípido.
  • Caracterizar el comportamiento de autoensamblaje de los ramnolípidos en soluciones acuosas.
  • Comprender el papel de la composición de congéneres de ramnolípidos y los ácidos grasos libres en las propiedades de la formulación.

Principales métodos:

  • Resonancia magnética nuclear (RMN) y espectrometría de masas para análisis de composición.
  • Microscopía óptica polarizada, dispersión de rayos X en ángulo pequeño (SAXS) y resonancia paramagnética electrónica (EPR) para caracterización estructural.
  • Estudios de concentración y temperatura variables.

Principales resultados:

  • La muestra de ramnolípido es una mezcla compleja de congéneres, predominantemente dirramnolípidos y especies de doble cola, con ácidos grasos libres.
  • Las soluciones acuosas de ramnolípidos forman micelas elipsoidales estables con núcleos hidrofóbicos, insensibles a la concentración (hasta 65 % en peso) y la temperatura (hasta 50 °C).
  • A concentraciones >65 % en peso, la segregación de congéneres conduce a estructuras ordenadas, preservando la baja viscosidad y la eficiencia de limpieza.

Conclusiones:

  • La composición de congéneres de ramnolípidos y los ácidos grasos libres son cruciales para ajustar el autoensamblaje y las propiedades de la formulación.
  • El comportamiento de agregación observado explica el mantenimiento de la baja viscosidad y la eficiencia de limpieza de las formulaciones concentradas de ramnolípidos.
  • Los ramnolípidos son candidatos prometedores para el desarrollo de formulaciones innovadoras y sostenibles.