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Enfermedad Renal Crónica en Poblaciones Indígenas de Kerala, India
Panniyammakal Jeemon1, Sunaib Ismail1, Henna Kondeth1
1Achutha Menon Centre for Health Science Studies, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Trivandrum, Kerala, India.
Kidney international reports
|January 16, 2026
Resumen
La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) afecta al 22,6% de los adultos tribales en Kerala, India, con tasas más altas en mujeres. Los factores de riesgo clave incluyen la edad avanzada, la hipertensión, la diabetes y un menor nivel educativo, lo que resalta la necesidad de intervenciones específicas.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Salud Pública; Epidemiología; Nefrología
Sus antecedentes:
- La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) representa un importante desafío de salud pública en la India, afectando de manera desproporcionada a las poblaciones vulnerables.
- Los cambios epidemiológicos indican un creciente riesgo metabólico dentro de las comunidades tribales, lo que requiere una investigación específica.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Determinar la prevalencia de ERC en comunidades tribales de Kerala, sur de la India.
- Identificar los factores asociados con la ERC en este grupo demográfico específico.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio transversal basado en la comunidad que involucró a 2029 adultos tribales (≥30 años) de tres distritos de Kerala.
- Se recopilaron datos mediante entrevistas, antropometría, pruebas de atención al punto y análisis de orina, utilizando los criterios KDIGO 2024 para la definición de ERC.
- Se analizaron factores asociados de forma independiente con la ERC mediante regresión logística multivariable.
Principales resultados:
- La prevalencia de ERC fue del 22,6 % (IC del 95 %: 20,7 %-24,7 %), mayor en mujeres (24,2 %) que en hombres (20,4 %).
- Se encontraron asociaciones significativas entre la ERC y la edad avanzada, la hipertensión, la diabetes, un menor nivel educativo y un bajo índice de masa corporal (IMC).
- Se observó una carga subclínica sustancial de ERC, con la mayoría de los casos en etapas tempranas de riesgo.
Conclusiones:
- Este es el primer estudio a gran escala que informa una alta prevalencia de ERC en poblaciones tribales indígenas de la India.
- El control eficaz de la ERC requiere una estrategia centrada en la equidad que aborde los determinantes clínicos y sociales.
- Las intervenciones de detección y prevención culturalmente adaptadas dentro de la atención primaria son cruciales.
Palabras clave:
Indiaenfermedad renal crónicaestudio transversalinequidades en saludenfermedades no transmisiblespoblaciones tribalesMás Videos Relacionados
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