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Disregulación Inmune Persistente durante el COVID Prolongado Manifestada en Anticuerpos Dirigidos contra Proteínas de
Research square
|January 16, 2026
Resumen
Los pacientes con COVID prolongado muestran una disregulación persistente del sistema inmunitario hasta por seis meses. Esto incluye respuestas alteradas de anticuerpos, células inmunes elevadas y autoanticuerpos aumentados, lo que indica inflamación y autoinmunidad en curso.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Inmunología
- Enfermedades Infecciosas
- Virología
Sus antecedentes:
- El COVID prolongado (LC) o las Secuelas Post-Agudas de la Infección por SARS-CoV-2 (PASC) son una preocupación de salud importante.
- La disregulación inmune es una característica conocida de LC, pero su progresión a largo plazo no se comprende completamente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar las respuestas de anticuerpos específicos contra el SARS-CoV-2, el perfil de células inmunes, los autoanticuerpos y las citoquinas en pacientes con LC durante seis meses.
- Comparar los perfiles inmunes de pacientes con LC con los de individuos convalecientes.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio longitudinal de participantes con infección por SARS-CoV-2, seguimiento de grupos convalecientes y LC hasta por 6 meses.
- El análisis incluyó títulos de anticuerpos específicos contra el SARS-CoV-2 (IgG), perfilado de células inmunes periféricas (CyTOF), cribado de autoanticuerpos y medición de citoquinas séricas.
Principales resultados:
- Los participantes con LC exhibieron títulos persistentemente elevados de IgG contra las proteínas Envoltura y Nucleocápside del SARS-CoV-2.
- Se observaron respuestas bajas de IgG a la proteína Spike con sesgo hacia IgG1/IgG3 en pacientes con LC.
- Las células T colaboradoras circulantes (cTFH) y las células T invariantes asociadas a mucosas (MAIT) elevadas se correlacionaron con la IgG anti-Envoltura.
- Los pacientes con LC mostraron un aumento de citoquinas séricas (LIF, IL-11, Eotaxina-3, HMGB-1) y tasas más altas de autoanticuerpos.
Conclusiones:
- El COVID prolongado se caracteriza por una disregulación inmune persistente, que incluye producción alterada de anticuerpos y autoinmunidad.
- Los hallazgos sugieren posibles dianas terapéuticas en la persistencia viral, la disregulación de anticuerpos y la autoinmunidad para el manejo del COVID prolongado.
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