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Zuun Baruun Kherem, un centro euroasiático medieval en el este de Mongolia
Joshua Wright1, Lance Pursey2,3, Sarah Pleuger-Dreibrodt4
1Department of Archaeology, University of Aberdeen, St Mary's, Elphinstone Road, Aberdeen, AB24 3UF UK.
Asian archaeology
|January 16, 2026
Resumen
Las excavaciones arqueológicas en el sitio de Zuun Baruun Kherem (ZBK) del período Kitan-Liao (siglos X-XII d.C.) en Mongolia revelan distintas funciones urbanas y no urbanas. Zuun Kherem muestra una densa habitación, mientras que Baruun Kherem parece escasamente poblado con estructuras de élite.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Arqueología
- Historia Medieval
- Estudios de Asia Oriental
Sus antecedentes:
- Mongolia presenta numerosos sitios urbanos medievales del período Kitan-Liao (siglos X-XII d.C.).
- El sitio emparejado de Zuun Baruun Kherem (ZBK) es un ejemplo bien conservado de este período.
- Comprender estos centros fronterizos imperiales es crucial para obtener información histórica y administrativa.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la construcción, cronología y organización espacial del sitio de ZBK.
- Analizar la función de los espacios vacíos dentro de los recintos amurallados medievales.
- Determinar el papel administrativo de estos centros en la frontera imperial.
Principales métodos:
- Examen sistemático de depósitos del subsuelo mediante barrenas manuales.
- Estudio detallado de la topografía superficial con un modelo digital de elevación fotogramétrico.
- Recuperación y análisis de cerámica, huesos datables y carbón vegetal.
Principales resultados:
- Zuun Kherem exhibe una densa habitación con extensos depósitos de desechos, lo que indica una ganadería urbana y distintas tradiciones cerámicas.
- Baruun Kherem aparece en gran parte desocupado, con solo unas pocas estructuras grandes de élite.
- Los recintos de ZBK se utilizaron desde principios del siglo X hasta principios del siglo XII d.C.
Conclusiones:
- El sitio de ZBK demuestra funciones diferenciadas entre sus dos recintos, Zuun Kherem (urbano) y Baruun Kherem (habitación no urbana/móvil).
- Los hallazgos proporcionan información sobre el urbanismo y la administración del imperio Kitan-Liao en su frontera.
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