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Consumo de alimentos procesados altera la función de la memoria a través de productos finales de glicación avanzada
bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology
|January 16, 2026
Resumen
El consumo temprano de alimentos procesados ricos en productos finales de glicación avanzada (AGE) altera la memoria y modifica el microbioma intestinal. Estos efectos están relacionados con la neuroinflamación y pueden prevenirse mediante la inhibición de los AGE.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia
- Microbiología
- Ciencia de la Nutrición
Sus antecedentes:
- Los alimentos procesados, a menudo tratados con calor, contienen productos finales de glicación avanzada (AGE) relacionados con resultados negativos para la salud.
- Los efectos neurocognitivos de los AGE de la dieta, especialmente de la exposición desde la primera infancia, no se comprenden bien.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar el impacto a largo plazo de una dieta rica en AGE durante la adolescencia en los procesos conductuales y neuronales en ratas.
- Elucidar los mecanismos por los cuales los AGE de la dieta afectan la memoria y la función sináptica.
Principales métodos:
- Se alimentó a ratas con una dieta rica en AGE inducida por tratamiento térmico durante la adolescencia.
- Las pruebas conductuales evaluaron la función de la memoria y el tejido del hipocampo analizó la neurotransmisión sináptica y la expresión del sistema del complemento.
- Se analizó la composición del microbioma intestinal.
Principales resultados:
- La dieta rica en AGE alteró la función de la memoria en el hipocampo y modificó el microbioma intestinal sin causar obesidad.
- Los déficits de memoria se correlacionaron con una alteración de la neurotransmisión glutamatérgica en el hipocampo y una alteración de la expresión del sistema del complemento.
- Los AGE actuaron como antagonistas competitivos de los receptores del complemento, lo que sugiere una interacción sináptica directa.
Conclusiones:
- La exposición temprana en la vida a los AGE de la dieta impacta negativamente la neurocognición y el microbioma intestinal.
- Los AGE pueden alterar la memoria a través de interacciones directas con el sistema del complemento en las sinapsis del hipocampo.
- Las intervenciones como los inhibidores de AGE o los probióticos específicos (por ejemplo, *Lactococcus lactis*) pueden prevenir estos efectos adversos.
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