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Teleasistencia y mortalidad de ancianos: Evidencia de municipios italianos
Nicola Matteucci1, Matteo Picchio2, Raffaella Santolini1
1Department of Economics and Social Sciences, Marche Polytechnic University, Piazzale Martelli 8, Ancona 60121, Italy.
Economics and human biology
|January 16, 2026
Resumen
Los servicios de teleasistencia redujeron significativamente las tasas de mortalidad de ancianos en un 4% en Italia. Esta tecnología es especialmente beneficiosa para personas mayores sin hijos y en áreas con servicios de atención médica tradicionales limitados.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gerontología y Salud Pública
- Informática de la Salud y Telemedicina
Sus antecedentes:
- El envejecimiento de la población en los países desarrollados aumenta la demanda de soluciones de atención domiciliaria.
- El impacto de las tecnologías avanzadas de la información y la comunicación, específicamente la teleasistencia, en los resultados de salud de las personas mayores requiere una mayor investigación.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Analizar el impacto de los servicios de teleasistencia en la tasa de mortalidad de personas mayores en Italia.
- Identificar factores demográficos y geográficos específicos que influyen en la efectividad de la teleasistencia.
Principales métodos:
- Se utilizaron datos a nivel municipal de Italia.
- Se empleó un diseño de investigación de diferencias en diferencias doblemente robusto.
- Se centró el análisis en personas mayores de 65 años.
Principales resultados:
- Los servicios de teleasistencia demostraron una reducción significativa de la tasa de mortalidad de ancianos en 1,7 por cada 1000 habitantes.
- Esto representa una disminución sustancial del 4% en relación con la tasa de mortalidad promedio de ancianos en las áreas tratadas.
- El impacto positivo fue más pronunciado en municipios con una mayor proporción de personas mayores sin hijos y en municipios más pequeños.
Conclusiones:
- La teleasistencia es una intervención eficaz para reducir la mortalidad de ancianos.
- La teleasistencia parece ser particularmente valiosa para personas mayores con redes de apoyo familiar limitadas.
- La teleasistencia puede complementar o compensar eficazmente las lagunas en los servicios de atención médica tradicionales, especialmente en áreas rurales o desatendidas.
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