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Prevalencia de características sacras dismórficas en la población general

Ian Meshay¹, Katelyn A Cole², Sabrina M Pescatore²

¹Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Rehabilitation, The University of Texas Medical Branch, 301 University Blvd, Route 0165, Galveston, TX 77555-0165, USA.

|January 16, 2026

Resumen

El dismorfismo sacro es común, con casi todos los pacientes presentando variaciones de la anatomía normal. Las articulaciones sacroilíacas tipo "lengua en ranura" (TIG) indican una anatomía más compleja, lo que podría afectar la colocación de tornillos quirúrgicos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Cirugía Ortopédica
Radiología
Anatomía

Sus antecedentes:

Las lesiones del anillo pélvico posterior son cada vez más comunes y requieren fijación interna para la inestabilidad.
La colocación de tornillos sacroilíacos (SI) requiere un conocimiento detallado de la anatomía pélvica.
La prevalencia del dismorfismo sacro en la población general no está bien definida.

Objetivo del estudio:

Determinar la prevalencia de características dismórficas sacras individuales.
Investigar las asociaciones entre el dismorfismo sacro y los factores demográficos.

Principales métodos:

Revisión retrospectiva de 1000 TC pélvicas de pacientes adultos con trauma.
Identificación y registro de características dismórficas sacras específicas.
Cálculo de la prevalencia de características y análisis estadístico de asociaciones demográficas.

Principales resultados:

Más del 96% de los sujetos exhibieron al menos una característica dismórfica, con un promedio de 2.7 por persona.
Los discos residuales S1 (72.2%) y las articulaciones sacroilíacas tipo "lengua en ranura" (TIG) (7.7%) fueron las características más y menos prevalentes, respectivamente.
Las articulaciones TIG se asociaron con más características dismórficas concurrentes y fueron más comunes en mujeres, al igual que los discos S1 y los sacros superiores colineales.

Conclusiones:

La morfología sacra completamente normal es rara (prevalencia <4%).
La anatomía sacra existe en un espectro, siendo la dismorfia la norma.
Las articulaciones TIG pueden indicar un mayor dismorfismo, lo que podría complicar la fijación con tornillos transilíacos-transsacros.

Palabras clave:

Pelvis Anatomía sacra Dismorfismo sacro Articulaciones sacroilíacas Sacro

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