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Perfil transcriptómico revela que el NSDV explota la autofagia como mecanismo proviral para mejorar la replicación

Xue-Lian Zhang¹, Xiao-Wen Li², Wei-Hao Tan¹

¹School of Animal Science and Technology, Foshan University, Foshan, China.

Veterinary microbiology

|January 18, 2026

Resumen

El virus de la enfermedad ovina de Nairobi (NSDV) secuestra la vía de la autofagia para la replicación y para suprimir las respuestas inmunitarias. El bloqueo de la autofagia con cloroquina redujo la carga viral y potenció la inmunidad, lo que sugiere una nueva diana terapéutica para las infecciones por nairovirus.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología
Biología Molecular
Inmunología

Sus antecedentes:

El virus de la enfermedad ovina de Nairobi (NSDV), un ornonairovirus emergente transmitido por garrapatas, causa una grave gastroenteritis hemorrágica en rumiantes pequeños.
La patogénesis molecular y las interacciones huésped-patógeno del NSDV no se comprenden bien, especialmente su propagación a nuevas regiones como China.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar el papel de la autofagia en la infección por NSDV.
Elucidar los mecanismos moleculares por los cuales el NSDV se replica e interactúa con el sistema inmunitario del huésped.

Principales métodos:

Perfilado transcriptómico de series temporales de células BHK-21 infectadas por NSDV.
Microscopía electrónica y ensayos de flujo mRFP-GFP-LC3 para evaluar la dinámica de los autófagos.
Inhibición farmacológica de la autofagia mediante cloroquina.

Principales resultados:

La infección por NSDV reprogramó progresivamente la vía de la autofagia, regulando al alza los genes relacionados con la autofagia.
Se observó un aumento de la formación de autófagos y una fusión acelerada con los lisosomas en las células infectadas.
El tratamiento con cloroquina redujo los niveles de ARN viral y aumentó las respuestas de interferón de tipo I, lo que indica el papel proviral de la autofagia.

Conclusiones:

El NSDV explota activamente la vía de la autofagia del huésped para promover la replicación viral.
La autofagia atenúa la respuesta inmunitaria innata del huésped (interferón de tipo I) durante la infección por NSDV.
La focalización de la vía de la autofagia presenta una estrategia terapéutica potencial contra el NSDV y otras infecciones por nairovirus.

Palabras clave:

Autofagia Virus de la enfermedad ovina de Nairobi Perfilado transcriptómico Replicación viral

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