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Enfermedad de la piel lumpis en Europa: situación actual, dinámica de transmisión y perspectivas futuras

Kadir Yeşilbağ¹, Eda Baldan Toker¹, Mevlüt Yaşar¹

¹Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa, Türkiye.

Research in veterinary science

|January 18, 2026

Resumen

La enfermedad de la piel lumpis (LSD), una amenaza viral para el ganado, causa importantes pérdidas económicas a nivel mundial. Esta revisión detalla la transmisión de LSDV, las estrategias de control y la necesidad urgente de mejorar la bioseguridad y la vacunación, especialmente en Europa.

Área de la Ciencia:

Virología Veterinaria; Epidemiología; Salud del Ganado

Sus antecedentes:

La enfermedad de la piel lumpis (LSD), causada por el virus de la enfermedad de la piel lumpis (LSDV), es una enfermedad transfronteriza emergente que afecta al ganado y al búfalo de agua.
Aunque raramente es fatal, la LSD provoca importantes pérdidas económicas debido a la reducción de la productividad, el daño a las pieles, la infertilidad y las restricciones al comercio internacional.
La enfermedad se ha expandido desde África a Oriente Medio, Asia y, recientemente, a países europeos previamente no afectados, como Italia, Francia y España en 2025.

Objetivo del estudio:

Revisar la etiología, los huéspedes susceptibles y las rutas de transmisión de LSDV.
Resumir los avances recientes en las estrategias de control, vacunación y tratamiento de la LSD.
Destacar el impacto y la propagación de la enfermedad en Europa.

Principales métodos:

Revisión de la literatura científica sobre la enfermedad de la piel lumpis.
Análisis de la distribución de la enfermedad, la dinámica de transmisión y las medidas de control.
Enfoque en los brotes recientes y sus implicaciones para el ganado europeo.

Principales resultados:

La transmisión de LSDV es principalmente transmitida por vectores a través de artrópodos, exacerbada por el movimiento de animales y la escasa bioseguridad.
Las vacunas vivas atenuadas, la cuarentena y las restricciones de movimiento son medidas de control eficaces.
Los brotes recientes en Europa subrayan la necesidad de una vigilancia coordinada y una mejor bioseguridad.

Conclusiones:

La enfermedad de la piel lumpis representa una amenaza global significativa para la salud y el comercio del ganado.
La vigilancia coordinada, la mejora de la bioseguridad y la vacunación son cruciales para el control de la LSD.
Se justifica una mayor investigación sobre terapias antivirales y alternativas para complementar las estrategias de prevención existentes.

Palabras clave:

Epidemiología Europa LSDV Enfermedad de la piel lumpis Prevención Transmisión Vacuna

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