Video Experimental Relacionado

Updated: Jan 20, 2026

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Published on: December 27, 2010

De la criminalización a la atención: una revisión comparativa de políticas basadas en derechos de las respuestas al

Praveen Hoogar¹

¹School of Social Sciences, The Apollo University, Chittoor, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Frontiers in public health

|January 19, 2026

Abstracto

Background:

South Asia faces concentrated HIV epidemics rooted in legal and social marginalization of key populations. Laws criminalizing same-sex relations, sex work, and drug use, combined with gaps in anti-discrimination protections and funding constraints for civil society organizations, undermine progress toward the UNAIDS 95-95-95 targets. This review applies a rights-based approach (RBA) to compare national policies and outcomes across India, Nepal, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka, and offers actionable regional guidance.

Methods:

A comparative analysis was performed using a five-dimension RBA framework: legal decriminalization, anti-discrimination protections, service access, community participation, and HIV outcomes. Data were synthesized from national legal documents, UNAIDS and Global Fund reports, published research, and community organization perspectives. Comparative findings are presented in a cross-country table, and an RBA policy-outcome pathway diagram is used to visualize core mechanisms.

Results:

India and Nepal have partially decriminalized same-sex conduct, while criminalization of sex work and drug use persists in all four countries. Pakistan's progressive transgender rights legislation faces enforcement and political challenges; Sri Lanka retains colonial-era punitive statutes. Fragile enforcement, limited-service access, and structural health system stigma are common barriers. Where rights-based legal reforms have advanced, as in India and Nepal, higher diagnosis and treatment rates are seen. Four practical pillars-legal reform, health system transformation, funding equity, and regional collaboration-are proposed.

Conclusion:

Sustainable HIV epidemic control in South Asia depends on repealing punitive laws, enforcing anti-discrimination protections, and supporting community leadership. Rights-based governance not only drives epidemic control but advances dignity and equity.

Palabras clave:

resultados del VIH protecciones antidiscriminatorias participación comunitaria despenalización legal acceso a servicios

Más Videos Relacionados

Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Review of Ultrasound Parameters for Predicting Difficult Airways

Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Review of Ultrasound Parameters for Predicting Difficult Airways

Published on: April 7, 2023

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

Published on: October 6, 2015

Videos de Conceptos Relacionados

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

Genotypic Inference of HIV-1 Tropism Using Population-based Sequencing of V3

HIV tropism can be inferred from the V3 region of the viral envelope. V3 is PCR amplified in triplicate using nested RT-PCR, sequenced, and interpreted using bioinformatic software. Samples with with 1 or more sequence(s) with low g2P scores are classified as non-R5...

Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Review of Ultrasound Parameters for Predicting Difficult Airways

Point-of-Care Ultrasound: A Review of Ultrasound Parameters for Predicting Difficult Airways

A point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) is a simple, non-invasive, and portable tool that enables dynamic airway assessment. Several studies have attempted to determine the role of ultrasound parameters as an adjunct to clinical examination in predicting difficult...

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

An In Vitro Model for Measuring Immune Responses to Malaria in the Context of HIV Co-infection

Human co-infection is difficult to replicate in vitro. However, human malaria parasites can readily be cultured in vitro, as can freshly isolated human peripheral blood mononuclear cells naturally infected with HIV. This provides an excellent model for studying early immune responses to malaria parasites in the context of HIV co-infection.

Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication

Measuring Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress and Unfolded Protein Response in HIV-1 Infected T-Cells and Analyzing its Role in HIV-1 Replication

Here, we describe some established methods to determine endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and unfolded protein response (UPR) activation, with particular emphasis on HIV-1 infection. This article also describes a set of protocols to investigate the effect of ER stress/UPR on HIV-1 replication and virion...

Property Rights

Property Rights

Property rights refer to the legal control or ownership that individuals or entities have over a good or resource. These rights determine who can use the resource and under what conditions. Property rights describe the ability to use, sell, lease, or transfer ownership of a good or resource. Clearly defined property rights also delineate the responsibilities of such ownership, such as preventing harm to third parties. Property rights are essential in ensuring efficient market allocations...

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors

Here we describe cellular cytotoxicity and single round infectivity assays that allow for the rapid and accurate screening of compounds to determine their cellular cytotoxicity (CC50) and IC50 values against WT and drug resistant...