Vaciado Gástrico Retardado Después de Pancreaticoduodenectomía: Impacto de las Técnicas de Reconstrucción

Delayed gastric emptying (DGE) is a common complication after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and contributes to prolonged recovery and delayed initiation of adjuvant therapy. It is clinically significant, as it can impair oral intake and extend hospitalization. Its multifactorial pathophysiology includes mechanical, hormonal, neural, and inflammatory factors, and increasing attention has been directed toward the role of reconstruction technique. A narrative review was conducted to evaluate reconstruction strategies after PD. A non-systematic search of major databases identified studies comparing various approaches, including jejunal loop routing, anastomotic configuration, and pyloric preservation, and their impact on DGE. The available evidence remains highly variable, drawing from retrospective series, randomized trials, and prior meta-analyses. While some reconstruction approaches have been associated with lower rates of DGE in certain settings, reported outcomes are inconsistent and often limited by single-center designs or small sample sizes. Overall, comparative studies frequently fail to demonstrate a clear advantage of one reconstruction strategy over another with respect to DGE incidence. Although specific reconstruction techniques may influence its occurrence after PD, no single approach has shown consistent superiority. Variability in surgical expertise, anatomical configuration, perioperative management, and study methodology contributes to these inconsistent findings. High-quality prospective, multicenter randomized studies are needed to clarify the true impact of reconstruction technique and guide standardized surgical decision-making.