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Osteomielitis tubercular del radio distal en la infancia

Vibhansu Yadav¹, Madhu Babu Killi Killi^1,2, Raghavendra Kaganur³

¹Orthopaedic Surgery, JIPMER, Puducherry, India.

BMJ case reports

|January 19, 2026

Resumen

La tuberculosis osteoarticular en lactantes es rara y difícil de diagnosticar. El diagnóstico temprano y el tratamiento combinado de esta osteomielitis del radio distal en un lactante condujeron a excelentes resultados.

Área de la Ciencia:

Ortopedia Pediátrica
Enfermedades Infecciosas
Tuberculosis Esquelética

Sus antecedentes:

La tuberculosis osteoarticular (TB) de los huesos largos es poco común y presenta desafíos diagnósticos.
La osteomielitis de huesos largos en lactantes requiere un diagnóstico diferencial amplio.
Las lesiones óseas líticas en lactantes pueden presentarse sin síntomas tuberculosos típicos.

Objetivo del estudio:

Informar un caso de osteomielitis del radio distal causada por Mycobacterium tuberculosis en un lactante.
Destacar los desafíos diagnósticos y el manejo exitoso de la TB esquelética en pacientes pediátricos.
Enfatizar la importancia de considerar la TB en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones óseas líticas en lactantes.

Principales métodos:

Descompresión quirúrgica, desbridamiento y biopsia de la lesión del radio distal.
Diagnóstico confirmado mediante prueba de amplificación de ácido nucleico basada en cartucho (CBNAAT) para Mycobacterium tuberculosis e histopatología.
Inicio de medicación antituberculosa.

Principales resultados:

Diagnóstico exitoso de tuberculosis en la metáfisis distal del radio.
Mejora significativa en los resultados radiológicos y clínicos tras el tratamiento antituberculoso.
Ausencia de trastornos del crecimiento o deformidades post-tratamiento.

Conclusiones:

La tuberculosis debe considerarse en el diagnóstico diferencial de lesiones óseas líticas en lactantes, especialmente en regiones endémicas.
El diagnóstico temprano mediante pruebas moleculares e histopatología es crucial.
El manejo médico y quirúrgico combinado conduce a resultados favorables en la TB osteoarticular pediátrica.

Palabras clave:

Salud infantil Ortopedia Tuberculosis

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