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Realidad virtual y ansiedad perioperatoria: un ensayo controlado aleatorizado
Mouna Ouaz1, Zayati Mohamed1, Khalifa Issam2
1Anesthesia and Intensive Care Departement of Mahdia University Hospital, Mahdia, Tunisia.
The Libyan journal of medicine
|January 20, 2026
Resumen
La realidad virtual (RV) redujo significativamente el uso de ansiolíticos intraoperatorios en pacientes sometidos a anestesia regional. Si bien la RV no alteró la ansiedad preoperatoria, controló eficazmente la ansiedad perioperatoria y puede prevenir complicaciones postoperatorias.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Anestesiología y Medicina Perioperatoria; Tecnología Médica e Innovación; Salud Psicológica en la Atención Médica
Sus antecedentes:
- La ansiedad preoperatoria es una preocupación común del paciente que afecta los resultados quirúrgicos.; La realidad virtual (RV) ofrece un enfoque no farmacológico prometedor para el manejo de la ansiedad y el dolor.; El manejo de la ansiedad perioperatoria es crucial para una atención anestésica óptima y la recuperación del paciente.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar el impacto de la realidad virtual en la ansiedad perioperatoria en pacientes sometidos a anestesia regional.; Evaluar el efecto de la RV en el consumo de ansiolíticos intraoperatorios y la satisfacción del paciente.; Determinar el papel de la RV en la prevención de la ansiedad y las complicaciones postoperatorias.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio prospectivo, aleatorizado y monocéntrico en el que participaron 72 pacientes programados para cirugía ortopédica.; Los pacientes fueron asignados al grupo de RV (n=36) o al grupo de control (n=36).; Se midieron los niveles de ansiedad (STAI-6, LIKERT), el uso de ansiolíticos (Midazolam) y la satisfacción del paciente.
Principales resultados:
- No hubo diferencia significativa en los niveles de ansiedad preoperatoria entre los grupos de RV y control (puntuaciones STAI-6: 43,2 vs. 44,8).; El uso de ansiolíticos intraoperatorios fue sustancialmente menor en el grupo de RV (5,8%) en comparación con el grupo de control (61,7%, p < 0,001).; La reducción de la ansiedad postoperatoria y la satisfacción del paciente fueron comparables entre los grupos.
Conclusiones:
- La realidad virtual es una herramienta eficaz para reducir la necesidad de medicación ansiolítica durante la anestesia regional.; La RV puede ayudar a controlar la ansiedad perioperatoria, mitigando potencialmente las complicaciones postoperatorias.; La integración de la RV en la atención anestésica muestra una promesa para mejorar la comodidad y la seguridad del paciente.
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