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Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La terapia ocupacional (TO) puede mejorar el funcionamiento diario y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental de las personas con esclerosis múltiple (EM). Sin embargo, la evidencia sobre los efectos a largo plazo y la calidad de vida física sigue siendo incierta, sin efectos adversos reportados.

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Área de la Ciencia:

  • Neurología
  • Medicina de Rehabilitación
  • Terapia Ocupacional

Sus antecedentes:

  • La esclerosis múltiple (EM) afecta las actividades diarias, y la terapia ocupacional (TO) es reconocida como un apoyo clave.
  • Los beneficios precisos de la TO para las personas con EM requieren una mayor clarificación.

Objetivo del estudio:

  • Evaluar sistemáticamente los beneficios y daños de las intervenciones de TO para mejorar el funcionamiento diario, la participación y la calidad de vida en personas con EM.
  • Evaluar los resultados en los puntos de seguimiento post-intervención, a medio plazo y a largo plazo.

Principales métodos:

  • Se realizó una búsqueda exhaustiva en siete bases de datos electrónicas, literatura gris y registros de ensayos hasta noviembre de 2024.
  • Se incluyeron ensayos controlados aleatorizados y no aleatorizados que compararon la TO para adultos con EM frente a ninguna intervención, atención habitual o control activo.
  • Se empleó meta-análisis (modelo de efectos aleatorios) y síntesis narrativa, con GRADE para evaluar la certeza de la evidencia.

Principales resultados:

  • Las intervenciones de TO pueden ofrecer un beneficio de pequeño a moderado en el funcionamiento diario después de la intervención, con posibles beneficios a medio plazo en comparación con la atención habitual.
  • Se observó un pequeño beneficio en la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud mental (CVRSM) después de la intervención y a medio plazo en comparación con el control activo.
  • La evidencia sobre los efectos a largo plazo, la CVRSM física, la participación y los efectos adversos es limitada o muy incierta.

Conclusiones:

  • La terapia ocupacional muestra potencial para mejorar el funcionamiento diario y la CVRSM mental en personas con EM, particularmente a corto y medio plazo.
  • La base de evidencia para los resultados a largo plazo y la CVRSM física es actualmente limitada y requiere una interpretación cautelosa.
  • Se necesitan futuros estudios de alta calidad para establecer conclusiones definitivas sobre la eficacia de la TO para el manejo de la EM.