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Evaluación de programas de la fuerza laboral de atención médica rural: Aplicación de un marco modificado de mejora de
Meghan R Longacre1, Linda M Kinney2, Kathleen L Carluzzo2
1The Dartmouth Institute for Health Policy and Clinical Practice, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA.
Resumen
La escasez de la fuerza laboral de atención médica rural persiste. La Administración de Atención Médica para Veteranos
Área de la Ciencia:
- Gestión de la Atención Médica
- Salud Rural
- Desarrollo de la Fuerza Laboral
Sus antecedentes:
- Las importantes escaseces de la fuerza laboral de atención médica son prevalentes en las áreas rurales.
- Las estrategias efectivas de reclutamiento y retención son cruciales para la atención médica rural.
- La Administración de Atención Médica para Veteranos (VHA) sirve como un caso de estudio para examinar estas estrategias.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar la evidencia e identificar las brechas en los programas de reclutamiento y retención de la VHA para la fuerza laboral de atención médica rural.
- Utilizar un marco holístico de retención de la fuerza laboral para analizar las iniciativas existentes.
Principales métodos:
- Se identificaron iniciativas de la fuerza laboral rural de la VHA utilizando el plan de Reclutamiento y Contratación Rural de 2023.
- Se clasificaron las iniciativas por enfoque rural, enfoque de reclutamiento/retención y solidez de la evidencia.
- Se mapearon las iniciativas a un marco modificado de mejora de la retención de la persona completa (WoP-RIF) que evalúa cuatro dominios.
Principales resultados:
- De 31 iniciativas de la VHA, solo el 19% se dirigió exclusivamente a la fuerza laboral rural.
- Una mayoría (48%) abordó tanto el reclutamiento como la retención, pero el 71% carecía de evidencia suficiente de efectividad.
- Las iniciativas se centraron predominantemente en los dominios financiero (52%) y de lugar de trabajo/organizacional (42%), con poca atención al dominio comunitario/lugar (10%).
Conclusiones:
- Las iniciativas de la VHA para la escasez de la fuerza laboral rural están más enfocadas en el reclutamiento que en la retención.
- Los dominios clave de retención, particularmente el comunitario/lugar, están insuficientemente abordados.
- Se necesitan evaluaciones más rigurosas utilizando un marco holístico para mejorar el desarrollo de la fuerza laboral rural.
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