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Transición: desafíos y recomendaciones para adolescentes y adultos jóvenes con esquizofrenia
Benno Graf Schimmelmann1,2, Alkomiet Hasan3,4
1Universitätsklinik für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie, Universität Bern, Bern, Schweiz. bschimme@aol.com.
Der Nervenarzt
|January 20, 2026
Resumen
La transición de pacientes con esquizofrenia requiere una atención coordinada, centrándose en la detección e intervención tempranas. Los límites de edad flexibles y los tratamientos superpuestos mejoran la atención de adolescentes y adultos jóvenes durante esta fase crítica.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Psiquiatría
- Atención de Salud Mental para Adolescentes y Adultos
Sus antecedentes:
- El inicio de la esquizofrenia a menudo ocurre durante la transición de la atención psiquiátrica pediátrica a la de adultos.
- Este grupo de edad enfrenta desafíos únicos para acceder a servicios de salud mental apropiados.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Examinar los desafíos y proporcionar recomendaciones para la transición de pacientes con esquizofrenia.
- Informar a los sistemas de salud y a los proveedores sobre las mejores prácticas para esta población vulnerable.
Principales métodos:
- Se realizó una revisión narrativa.
- Se consideraron las directrices S3 actuales de la Asociación de Sociedades Médicas Científicas en Alemania (AWMF) sobre la esquizofrenia.
Principales resultados:
- La detección y el tratamiento tempranos eficaces de la esquizofrenia son un desafío, incluso fuera del período de transición.
- Las recomendaciones abordan las necesidades específicas del paciente, las estructuras del sistema de salud, la capacitación especializada y la logística de la transición del tratamiento.
Conclusiones:
- Las directrices S3 alemanas actualizadas (2025) ofrecen recomendaciones de transición pero conservan en gran medida un límite de edad de 18 años.
- El acceso a centros especializados de detección e intervención temprana es crucial para una atención de transición óptima.
- Los tratamientos superpuestos y los límites de edad flexibles pueden beneficiar a los pacientes durante esta fase.
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