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Rendimiento del buffer saturado bajo configuraciones alternativas de vertedero: Implicaciones para el diseño y la

Gabriel M Johnson¹, Thomas M Isenhart¹, Christopher Hay^2,3

¹Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa, USA.

Journal of environmental quality

|January 21, 2026

Resumen

Este resumen es generado por máquina.

La gestión estacional de los buffers saturados elimina eficazmente el nitrato-nitrógeno (NO3-N) del drenaje por baldosas. Sin embargo, los períodos prolongados de drenaje completo pueden provocar pérdidas significativas de NO3-N, lo que requiere una cuidadosa consideración del sitio.

Palabras clave:

buffers saturados nitrato-nitrógeno drenaje por baldosas gestión de vertederos eliminación de nitratos

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Área de la Ciencia:

Gestión del agua agrícola
Ciencias ambientales
Ciencias del suelo

Sus antecedentes:

Los buffers saturados son prácticas cruciales en el borde del campo para mitigar la escorrentía de nitrato-nitrógeno (NO3-N) del drenaje subsuperficial.
La influencia de la gestión estacional de la elevación del vertedero en la eficiencia de eliminación de NO3-N en los buffers saturados sigue siendo poco estudiada.

Objetivo del estudio:

Evaluar el impacto de la gestión de la elevación del vertedero de la caja de control en la eliminación de NO3-N en un buffer saturado.
Comparar el rendimiento del tratamiento in situ con las predicciones de diseño del estándar de práctica de conservación 604 del USDA NRCS.

Principales métodos:

Monitorización de un buffer saturado de 253 m (aprox. 6 ha) para el flujo y la carga de NO3-N de 2022 a 2024.
Ajuste de las elevaciones del vertedero a las configuraciones de "drenaje completo", "temporada de crecimiento" y "temporada de barbecho".
Análisis de la eficiencia del tratamiento y la elusión del flujo durante diferentes períodos de gestión.

Principales resultados:

Durante un período de "drenaje completo" de 29 días, el 25% del flujo y el 28% de la carga de NO3-N eludieron el buffer.
La eficiencia de eliminación de NO3-N fue mayor en 2022 en comparación con 2023 y 2024.
El flujo tratado real superó las predicciones, mientras que el flujo de drenaje máximo fue menor, lo que indica una utilización de la capacidad de tratamiento superior a la diseñada.

Conclusiones:

La gestión estacional de los vertederos puede lograr una eliminación sustancial de NO3-N en los buffers saturados.
Los períodos prolongados de "drenaje completo" requieren una gestión cuidadosa para prevenir pérdidas significativas de NO3-N.
Las discrepancias entre el rendimiento observado y el predicho sugieren la necesidad de revisar las metodologías de diseño de buffers saturados.