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Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.

Long-term Depression

Long-term Depression

Long-term depression, or LTD, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTD is the process of synaptic weakening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic weakening of LTD works in opposition to synaptic strengthening by long-term potentiation (LTP) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Freezing Point Depression and Boiling Point Elevation

Boiling Point Elevation
The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which its vapor pressure is equal to ambient atmospheric pressure. Since the vapor pressure of a solution is lowered due to the presence of nonvolatile solutes, it stands to reason that the solution’s boiling point will subsequently be increased. Vapor pressure increases with temperature, and so a solution will require a higher temperature than will pure solvent to achieve any given vapor pressure, including one...

Depressants

Depressants

Depressant drugs, including alcohol and sedative-hypnotics, diminish central nervous system activity by enhancing the action of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), a neurotransmitter that reduces brain activity and promotes relaxation. These substances can have various therapeutic uses but also pose significant risks, especially when misused or combined.
Alcohol is a common depressant that can induce a sense of relaxation and reduced inhibition at low doses. Contrary to its occasional...

Depression: Overview

Depression: Overview

Depression is a prevalent mental illness marked by persistent sadness and lack of interest in previously enjoyable activities. It can take several forms, including major depression, persistent depressive disorder, and bipolar I and II disorders. Symptoms range from emotional changes like chronic worry to physical changes like sleep disturbances and suicidal thoughts. From a neurobiological perspective, depression is believed to be triggered by abnormalities in the brain's prefrontal cortex,...

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For most patients, experiencing several weeks of polyuria, polydipsia, fatigue, and significant weight loss may indicate the presence of diabetes. Furthermore, adults displaying the phenotypic appearance of type 2 diabetes (particularly those who are obese and not initially insulin-requiring), may have islet cell autoantibodies, suggesting autoimmune-mediated β cell destruction and a diagnosis of latent autoimmune diabetes of adults (LADA). The categorization of glucose homeostasis is...

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Uso de IA generativa y síntomas depresivos en adultos de EE. UU.

Roy H Perlis^1,2, Faith M Gunning³, Ata Usla^4,5

¹Center for Quantitative Health, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston.

JAMA network open

|January 21, 2026

Resumen

El uso de inteligencia artificial (IA) generativa se relaciona con un aumento de los síntomas depresivos en adultos de EE. UU. La asociación varió según la edad, lo que resalta la necesidad de investigar más a fondo los vínculos causales.

Palabras clave:

inteligencia artificial generativa síntomas depresivos salud mental adultos Estados Unidos

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Área de la Ciencia:

Salud Mental; Inteligencia Artificial; Salud Pública

Sus antecedentes:

La inteligencia artificial (IA) generativa se ha adoptado ampliamente en EE. UU.; La relación entre el uso de IA generativa y los resultados de salud mental sigue estando en gran medida sin caracterizar.

Objetivo del estudio:

Investigar la asociación entre la extensión y el tipo de uso de IA generativa y los síntomas afectivos negativos en una población diversa de adultos de EE. UU.; Analizar datos de una muestra grande y representativa a nivel nacional para comprender estas asociaciones de salud mental.

Principales métodos:

Se realizó un estudio de encuesta con 20.487 adultos de EE. UU. mayores de 18 años.; Los participantes informaron sobre su uso de IA generativa y redes sociales.; El afecto negativo se midió utilizando la escala Patient Health Questionnaire 9-item (PHQ-9).

Principales resultados:

El uso diario o más frecuente de IA generativa se asoció con un aumento de los síntomas depresivos (β=1,08 para uso diario, β=0,86 para uso varias veces al día).; Un mayor uso de IA se correlacionó con una mayor probabilidad de síntomas depresivos de moderados a graves (OR=1,29).; Se observaron patrones similares para la ansiedad y la irritabilidad, con las asociaciones más fuertes en adultos más jóvenes y en aquellos que usan IA para fines personales.

Conclusiones:

El uso de IA generativa se asocia significativamente con mayores síntomas depresivos en adultos de EE. UU.; La magnitud de esta asociación varía en los diferentes grupos de edad.; Se necesita más investigación para establecer la causalidad y comprender los mecanismos detrás de estos efectos observados en la salud mental.