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Establecimiento de medidas de calidad para el Proyecto de preparación pediátrica prehospitalaria
Caleb E Ward1, Kathleen Adelgais2, Rachael Alter3
1Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children's National Hospital & The George Washington University School of Medicine & Health Sciences Washington DC, US.
Prehospital emergency care
|January 21, 2026
Resumen
Los servicios de emergencia (SME) desarrollaron 24 medidas de calidad para la atención pediátrica prehospitalaria. Estas medidas tienen como objetivo mejorar la atención a los niños en situaciones de emergencia, apoyando las iniciativas de mejora de la calidad.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Servicios Médicos de Emergencia (SME)
- Atención Pediátrica de Emergencia
- Mejora de la Calidad (MC)
Sus antecedentes:
- Los pacientes pediátricos son una población de alto riesgo y baja frecuencia en los SME.
- La mejora de la calidad específica para pediatría es crucial para una atención de alta calidad.
- Existe una falta de medidas de calidad ampliamente aceptadas para la atención pediátrica prehospitalaria.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Establecer medidas de calidad centrales para un panel de control pediátrico prehospitalario derivado del Sistema Nacional de Información de EMS (NEMSIS).
- Apoyar las iniciativas de mejora de la calidad pediátrica en los SME.
- Desarrollar un conjunto fundamental de medidas relevantes en diversas agencias de SME.
Principales métodos:
- Se convocó un panel de expertos técnicos (TEP) de 16 miembros con diversa experiencia.
- Se identificaron medidas candidatas a través de la revisión de la literatura y encuestas del TEP.
- Se utilizó un proceso Delphi modificado con criterios de consenso (≥75% del TEP calificando ≥4) para la priorización de medidas.
Principales resultados:
- Se identificaron 65 medidas candidatas, logrando un consenso sobre 24 medidas de calidad centrales.
- Las medidas cubren diversas condiciones pediátricas prehospitalarias: vía aérea, trauma, dolor, respiratoria, paro cardíaco, anafilaxia, shock, convulsiones, hipoglucemia, emergencias neonatales, no transporte y transporte seguro.
- El 54% de las medidas son aplicables a los equipos de soporte vital básico (SVB).
Conclusiones:
- Se establecieron 24 medidas de calidad fundamentales para los SME pediátricos, enfatizando la práctica y la relevancia.
- Se necesita una validación adicional utilizando datos de NEMSIS para establecer puntos de referencia de atención.
- Estas medidas apoyarán las estrategias para una atención de emergencia pediátrica prehospitalaria de alta calidad.
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