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La experiencia vivida de la sensibilidad al rechazo en el TDAH: una exploración cualitativa
Annabel Rowney-Smith1, Beth Sutton2,3, Lisa Quadt1,3
1Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Brighton & Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex, Brighton, United Kingdom.
PloS one
|January 21, 2026
Resumen
La sensibilidad al rechazo en el Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) causa una angustia y un retraimiento significativos. Comprender esta desregulación emocional es clave para mejorar el bienestar mental y la función social de las personas con TDAH.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Trastornos del Neurodesarrollo
- Psicología
- Salud Mental
Sus antecedentes:
- El Trastorno por Déficit de Atención e Hiperactividad (TDAH) se caracteriza por dificultades de atención, hiperactividad e impulsividad.
- La desregulación emocional es un aspecto significativo pero menos reconocido del TDAH.
- La sensibilidad al rechazo, una respuesta disfórica extrema al rechazo o la crítica percibidos, se explora poco en el TDAH.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar las experiencias vividas de la sensibilidad al rechazo en personas con TDAH.
- Explorar el impacto de la sensibilidad al rechazo en la expresión emocional, la identificación y el bienestar general.
Principales métodos:
- Estudio cualitativo con cinco estudiantes de pregrado diagnosticados con TDAH.
- Se realizaron entrevistas grupales focales para recopilar información detallada.
- Se utilizó el análisis temático para identificar temas clave en las experiencias de los participantes.
Principales resultados:
- Emergieron tres temas principales: retraimiento, enmascaramiento y sensaciones corporales.
- La sensibilidad al rechazo provocó sensaciones corporales desagradables, ansiedad y malestar.
- El enmascaramiento de estas emociones resultó en disociación, retraimiento y soledad, lo que afectó significativamente la función social y la vida diaria.
Conclusiones:
- La sensibilidad al rechazo impacta profundamente el bienestar mental en personas con TDAH, causando ansiedad, desesperación y vergüenza.
- Existe una necesidad crítica de una comprensión más profunda de los rasgos del TDAH y la desregulación emocional.
- Abordar la sensibilidad al rechazo puede mejorar los resultados de salud mental y el funcionamiento diario de las personas con TDAH.
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