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Pseudo-demencia por deficiencia de vitamina B12 inducida por metformina

Denis Čerimagić^1,2

¹Glavić Clinic, Department of Neurology, Dubrovnik.

Psychiatria Danubina

|January 21, 2026

Resumen

El uso prolongado de metformina puede causar deficiencia de vitamina B12, lo que podría provocar pseudo-demencia. Es crucial monitorizar los niveles de vitamina B12 en pacientes diabéticos con metformina para prevenir problemas cognitivos y neurológicos.

Área de la Ciencia:

Endocrinología
Neurología
Ciencias de la Nutrición

Sus antecedentes:

La metformina es un agente oral sensibilizador de insulina común.
La terapia a largo plazo con metformina se asocia con un aumento de la deficiencia de vitamina B12.
La deficiencia de vitamina B12 puede manifestarse como pseudo-demencia.

Objetivo del estudio:

Presentar un caso raro de pseudo-demencia.
Destacar el papel de la deficiencia de vitamina B12 en el deterioro cognitivo.
Enfatizar la relación entre metformina, dieta, tabaquismo y deficiencia de vitamina B12.

Principales métodos:

Informe de caso de una mujer caucásica de 60 años.
Evaluación de la función cognitiva.
Evaluación de los niveles de vitamina B12.

Principales resultados:

La paciente presentó pseudo-demencia.
Se identificó deficiencia de vitamina B12 como la causa.
El uso de metformina, la dieta vegetariana y el tabaquismo fueron factores contribuyentes.

Conclusiones:

La deficiencia de vitamina B12 inducida por metformina, dieta y tabaquismo puede causar pseudo-demencia.
Se deben verificar los niveles séricos de vitamina B12 en pacientes diabéticos con biguanidas y trastornos cognitivos.
La detección y el tratamiento tempranos pueden prevenir complicaciones hematológicas y neurológicas.

Palabras clave:

Demencia Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2 Metformina Deficiencia de vitamina B12

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