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Asociaciones concurrentes entre los cambios de actividad física basados en actigrafía de visita a visita y el
Ranjani P Shankar1, Rowan Saloner1, Coty Chen1
1Department of Neurology, Edward and Pearl Fein Memory and Aging Center, University of California, Weill Institute for Neurosciences, San Francisco, CA, USA.
Neurobiology of aging
|January 21, 2026
Resumen
Un aumento en los pasos diarios se relaciona con una mejor función ejecutiva y menos síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores. Esto resalta cómo la actividad física (AF) puede impactar el envejecimiento cognitivo y el bienestar mental con el tiempo.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Neurociencia; Gerontología; Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- Se reconoce el papel de la actividad física (AF) en la reducción del riesgo de demencia.; Son escasos los estudios longitudinales que miden objetivamente la AF junto con el envejecimiento cerebral y cognitivo, lo que limita la comprensión de la temporalidad en las asociaciones cerebro-comportamiento.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Investigar la relación longitudinal entre los cambios intraindividuales en la actividad física medida objetivamente (recuento diario de pasos) y los cambios en la función cognitiva (memoria, función ejecutiva), la estructura cerebral (volúmenes del hipocampo, hiperintensidades de la sustancia blanca) y los síntomas depresivos en adultos mayores.
Principales métodos:
- 107 adultos mayores se sometieron a pruebas neuropsicológicas anuales y resonancia magnética cerebral.; La AF objetiva se midió mediante monitorización Fitbit de 30 días en múltiples visitas al estudio.; Se utilizaron modelos lineales de efectos mixtos para analizar las asociaciones entre los cambios en el recuento de pasos y los resultados cerebrales/cognitivos a lo largo del tiempo.
Principales resultados:
- Los aumentos intraindividuales en el recuento diario de pasos se asociaron significativamente con mejoras en la función ejecutiva (β estándar = 0.128, p ≤ 0.001) y reducciones en los síntomas depresivos (β estándar = -0.201, p ≤ 0.001).; No se encontraron asociaciones longitudinales estadísticamente significativas entre los cambios en la actividad física y la memoria, los volúmenes del hipocampo o las hiperintensidades de la sustancia blanca.
Conclusiones:
- Los cambios en la actividad física pueden influir en el riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en tiempo real en adultos mayores.; La monitorización del movimiento basada en actigrafía muestra potencial para detectar cambios neuroconductuales tempranos asociados con el envejecimiento.
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