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Abrazando la incertidumbre en el razonamiento clínico de estudiantes de farmacia: Un enfoque basado en simulación
Theresa L Charrois1, Naomi Steenhof2
1Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of British Columbia, 2405 Wesbrook Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada.
Currents in pharmacy teaching & learning
|January 21, 2026
Resumen
El entrenamiento basado en simulación con reflexión ayuda a los estudiantes de farmacia a manejar la incertidumbre y mejorar las habilidades de razonamiento clínico. Este enfoque refuerza que la toma de decisiones acertadas puede coexistir con resultados impredecibles en los pacientes.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Educación Farmacéutica
- Razonamiento Clínico
- Simulación en Salud
Sus antecedentes:
- El manejo de la incertidumbre es una habilidad crítica para los farmacéuticos.
- Los planes de estudio de farmacia necesitan métodos efectivos para desarrollar la capacidad de los estudiantes para manejar situaciones clínicas ambiguas.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Evaluar si la exposición basada en simulación a escenarios de pacientes ambiguos, junto con la reflexión estructurada, mejora el razonamiento clínico de los estudiantes de farmacia.
- Evaluar la capacidad de los estudiantes para manejar la incertidumbre en entornos clínicos simulados.
Principales métodos:
- Los estudiantes de tercer año de Doctorado en Farmacia (PharmD) participaron en dos ejercicios de simulación durante dos semanas.
- Los estudiantes participaron en la toma de decisiones compartida (Simulación 1) y manejaron un resultado adverso inesperado (Simulación 2), seguido de reflexiones estructuradas.
- Los datos se analizaron utilizando estadísticas descriptivas y análisis temático inductivo.
Principales resultados:
- Los estudiantes informaron una mayor probabilidad de ajustar las opciones de medicación al enfrentarse a información nueva e incierta.
- Experimentar resultados adversos inesperados durante las simulaciones indujo incomodidad, pero los estudiantes finalmente confiaron en sus procesos de razonamiento clínico.
- Un total de 259 estudiantes de dos universidades canadienses participaron.
Conclusiones:
- La simulación estructurada y la reflexión refuerzan eficazmente el razonamiento clínico en medio de la incertidumbre.
- Los estudiantes aprendieron que los resultados impredecibles no significan automáticamente una toma de decisiones defectuosa, lo que fomenta la confianza en su juicio.
- Este enfoque educativo apoya el desarrollo de habilidades de toma de decisiones clínicas resilientes en estudiantes de farmacia.
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