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Apnea del sueño y uso de sustancias: un metaanálisis
Sibylle Mauries1, Benjamin Rolland2, Justine Frija-Masson3
1Département de Psychiatrie et D'addictologie, AP-HP, GHU Paris Nord, DMU Neurosciences, Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard, F-75018, Paris, France.
Sleep medicine reviews
|January 21, 2026
Resumen
Este metaanálisis encontró que el consumo de alcohol y opioides aumenta significativamente el índice de apnea-hipopnea (IAH), lo que indica una peor apnea del sueño. El diagnóstico de apnea del sueño en consumidores de sustancias es crucial para mejores resultados en el tratamiento de la adicción.
Área de la Ciencia:
- Medicina del Sueño; Psiquiatría de la Adicción; Salud Pública
Sus antecedentes:
- La apnea del sueño y los trastornos por uso de sustancias (TUS) presentan una relación bidireccional y negativa.; El síndrome de apnea obstructiva del sueño (SAOS) es notablemente común en personas con TUS.
Objetivo del estudio:
- Metaanalizar el impacto de sustancias comunes (alcohol, tabaco, cannabis, opioides, cocaína) en el índice de apnea-hipopnea (IAH).; Comparar las puntuaciones del IAH entre consumidores de sustancias y no consumidores.
Principales métodos:
- Búsqueda sistemática de literatura en PubMed.; Inclusión de 28 estudios en el metaanálisis.; Comparación de las puntuaciones medias del IAH entre consumidores de sustancias y no consumidores.
Principales resultados:
- IAH elevado en consumidores de alcohol (DME: 0.46, p < 0.001).; Mayor prevalencia de apnea central del sueño en consumidores de opioides (DME: 0.44, p < 0.001).; Aumento del IAH en consumidores de tabaco, aunque no fue estadísticamente significativo. Datos limitados para consumidores de cannabis y cocaína.
Conclusiones:
- El diagnóstico y manejo de la apnea del sueño son vitales para pacientes con uso de sustancias.; El tratamiento eficaz de la apnea del sueño puede mejorar el pronóstico de la adicción.; Son necesarios enfoques de tratamiento personalizados para la apnea del sueño y los TUS coexistentes.
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